How to format your references using the Intensive Care Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Intensive Care Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fischer KM (2002) Waning buoyancy in the crustal roots of old mountains. Nature 417:933–936

A journal article with 2 authors

Brookes D, Etkina E (2010) SPORE series winner. Physical phenomena in real time. Science 330:605–606

A journal article with 3 authors

Dhara S, Mele EJ, Agarwal R (2015) APPLIED OPTICS. Voltage-tunable circular photogalvanic effect in silicon nanowires. Science 349:726–729

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Harris KD, Henze DA, Hirase H, et al (2002) Spike train dynamics predicts theta-related phase precession in hippocampal pyramidal cells. Nature 417:738–741

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Elias H-G (2009) Macromolecules. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Taxman FS, Pattavina A (2013) Simulation Strategies to Reduce Recidivism: Risk Need Responsivity (RNR) Modeling for the Criminal Justice System. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Bartolotta TV, Taibbi A, Quaia E, Midiri M (2007) Applicazione dei mezzi di contrasto ecografici nelle lesioni focali del fegato steatosico, nelle lesioni epatiche rare e nelle pseudolesioni del fegato. In: Quaia E (ed) Mezzi di contrasto in ecografia: Applicazioni addominali. Springer, Milano, pp 45–62

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Intensive Care Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J (2016) Dragons Have REM Sleep Too. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dragons-have-rem-sleep-too/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Charter Schools: Limited Access to Facility Financing. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lanza KM (2008) The antecedents of automotive brand loyalty and repurchase intentions. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hanc J (2017) Longer and Better. New York Times F4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Intensive Care Medicine
Abbreviation	Intensive Care Med.
ISSN (print)	0342-4642
ISSN (online)	1432-1238
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine