How to format your references using the Intensive Care Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Intensive Care Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wang Q (2013) China’s citizens must act to save their environment. Nature 497:159

A journal article with 2 authors

Haran B, Poliakoff M (2011) SPORE series winner. The periodic table of videos. Science 332:1046–1047

A journal article with 3 authors

Berken A, Thomas C, Wittinghofer A (2005) A new family of RhoGEFs activates the Rop molecular switch in plants. Nature 436:1176–1180

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Clutton-Brock TH, Coulson TN, Milner-Gulland EJ, et al (2002) Sex differences in emigration and mortality affect optimal management of deer populations. Nature 415:633–637

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rehder D (2010) Chemistry in Space. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Zheng J, Simplot-Ryl D, Leung VCM (2010) Ad Hoc Networks: Second International Conference, ADHOCNETS 2010, Victoria, BC, Canada, August 18-20, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Hormann V (2015) Modelling Speciation and Distribution of Radionuclides in Agricultural Soils. In: Walther C, Gupta DK (eds) Radionuclides in the Environment: Influence of chemical speciation and plant uptake on radionuclide migration. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 81–99

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Intensive Care Medicine.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2015) Don’t Miss The “Blood Moon” Eclipse Later This Month. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/no-blood-moon-isnt-going-destroy-earth-later-month/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Education Discretionary Grants: Awards Process Could Benefit From Additional Improvements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Collinsworth BM (2014) Hospital to housing: A grant proposal for specialized discharge planning services for people who are homeless. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson M (2017) Idina Menzel Chooses An Off Broadway Stage. New York Times C3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Intensive Care Medicine
Abbreviation	Intensive Care Med.
ISSN (print)	0342-4642
ISSN (online)	1432-1238
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine