How to format your references using the Infrastructures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infrastructures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stehr, N. Climate Policy: Democracy Is Not an Inconvenience. Nature 2015, 525, 449–450.

A journal article with 2 authors

Michaelis, S.; Hrycyna, C.A. Biochemistry. A Protease for the Ages. Science 2013, 339, 1529–1530.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kürner, J.; Frangakis, A.S.; Baumeister, W. Cryo-Electron Tomography Reveals the Cytoskeletal Structure of Spiroplasma Melliferum. Science 2005, 307, 436–438.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Garand, E.; Zhou, J.; Manolopoulos, D.E.; Alexander, M.H.; Neumark, D.M. Nonadiabatic Interactions in the Cl + H2 Reaction Probed by ClH2- and ClD2- Photoelectron Imaging. Science 2008, 319, 72–75.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) Supplemental Proceedings; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2011; ISBN 9781118062111.

An edited book

Tang, H. Quantitative Remote Sensing in Thermal Infrared: Theory and Applications; Li, Z.-L., Ed.; Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014; ISBN 9783642420269.

A chapter in an edited book

Saiti, B.; Hasan, A.; Ali, E.R.A.E. Islamic Interbank Money Market: Contracts, Instruments and Their Pricing. In Islamic Capital Markets: Volatility, Performance and Stability; Alam, N., Rizvi, S.A.R., Eds.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; pp. 67–100 ISBN 9783319339900.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infrastructures.

Blog post

Luntz, S. Highly Efficient And Ultra-Cheap Perovskite Solar Cells Announced Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/highly-efficient-and-ultracheap-perovskite-solar-cells-announced/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Federal Research: The National Academy of Sciences and the Federal Advisory Committee Act; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1998;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Theisen, T.D. Improving the Collaboration Infrastructure of an Online Inter -Institutional Consortium. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University: Minneapolis, MN, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Furey, J. The Saltshaker Trick. New York Times 2017, A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Infrastructures
Abbreviation	Infrastructures
ISSN (online)	2412-3811
Scope