How to format your references using the Infrastructures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infrastructures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Auerbach, D.J. Surface Science. Hitting the Surface--Softly. Science 2001, 294, 2488–2489.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tester, M.; Langridge, P. Breeding Technologies to Increase Crop Production in a Changing World. Science 2010, 327, 818–822.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhao, B.; Moore, J.S.; Beebe, D.J. Surface-Directed Liquid Flow inside Microchannels. Science 2001, 291, 1023–1026.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fryer, J.D.; Yu, P.; Kang, H.; Mandel-Brehm, C.; Carter, A.N.; Crespo-Barreto, J.; Gao, Y.; Flora, A.; Shaw, C.; Orr, H.T.; et al. Exercise and Genetic Rescue of SCA1 via the Transcriptional Repressor Capicua. Science 2011, 334, 690–693.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Prud’Homme, R. Flows and Chemical Reactions in Heterogeneous Mixtures; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2014; ISBN 9781119054221.

An edited book

KI 2010: Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 33rd Annual German Conference on AI, Karlsruhe, Germany, September 21-24, 2010. Proceedings; Dillmann, R., Beyerer, J., Hanebeck, U.D., Schultz, T., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010; Vol. 6359; ISBN 9783642161100.

A chapter in an edited book

Mutke, J.; Sommer, J.H.; Kreft, H.; Kier, G.; Barthlott, W. Vascular Plant Diversity in a Changing World: Global Centres and Biome-Specific Patterns. In Biodiversity Hotspots: Distribution and Protection of Conservation Priority Areas; Zachos, F.E., Habel, J.C., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011; pp. 83–96 ISBN 9783642209918.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infrastructures.

Blog post

Andrews, R. Two-Thirds Of Cancer Mutations Down To Random Bad Luck, Claims Study (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Intermodal Freight Transportation: Combined Rail-Truck Service Offers Public Benefits, but Challenges Remain; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1992;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Estrin, J.L. Sitting in the Fire: An Exploration of Soul-Making in Prison. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute: Carpinteria, CA, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart, J.B. C.E.O.s Long Avoided Politics. Trump Is Changing the Calculus. New York Times 2017, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Infrastructures
Abbreviation	Infrastructures
ISSN (online)	2412-3811
Scope