How to format your references using the Infrastructure Complexity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infrastructure Complexity. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kidwell SM (2001) Preservation of species abundance in marine death assemblages. Science 294:1091–1094

A journal article with 2 authors

Katoh H, Negishi M (2003) RhoG activates Rac1 by direct interaction with the Dock180-binding protein Elmo. Nature 424:461–464

A journal article with 3 authors

Ogata H, Nishikawa K, Lubitz W (2015) Hydrogens detected by subatomic resolution protein crystallography in a [NiFe] hydrogenase. Nature 520:571–574

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Arbeitman MN, Furlong EEM, Imam F, et al (2002) Gene expression during the life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 297:2270–2275

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schulze V (2005) Modern Mechanical Surface Treatment. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Dechesne F, Hattori H, Mors AT, et al (eds) (2012) Advanced Agent Technology: AAMAS 2011 Workshops, AMPLE, AOSE, ARMS, DOCM3AS, ITMAS, Taipei, Taiwan, May 2-6, 2011. Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Meanwell NA, Langley DR (2012) Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions in Paramyxovirus Fusion: A Focus on Respiratory Syncytial Virus. In: Wendt MD (ed) Protein-Protein Interactions. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 167–196

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infrastructure Complexity.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) What Happens When A Can of Coke Is Dropped Into Liquid Nitrogen? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/watch-what-happens-when-can-coke-dropped-liquid-nitrogen/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1981) National Research Centers Supported by NSF. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Virchez Azuara A (2015) A human resource perspective on the development of workforce agility. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman J (2016) Sciencetake: An Effort to Put a Blue, Whirling Vortex of Fire to Good Use. New York Times D2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kidwell 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Kidwell 2001; Katoh and Negishi 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Katoh and Negishi 2003)
Three or more authors: (Arbeitman et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Infrastructure Complexity
Abbreviation	Infrastruct. Complex.
ISSN (online)	2196-3258
Scope