How to format your references using the Infrastructure Complexity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infrastructure Complexity. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

López-Urrutia A (2003) Allometry: How reliable is the biological time clock? Nature 424:269–70; discussion 270

A journal article with 2 authors

Ionescu AM, Riel H (2011) Tunnel field-effect transistors as energy-efficient electronic switches. Nature 479:329–337

A journal article with 3 authors

Reichenbach T, Mobilia M, Frey E (2007) Mobility promotes and jeopardizes biodiversity in rock-paper-scissors games. Nature 448:1046–1049

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Nanot S, Cummings AW, Pint CL, et al (2013) Broadband, polarization-sensitive photodetector based on optically-thick films of macroscopically long, dense, and aligned carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep 3:1335

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Negre E (2015) Information and Recommender Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Crines AS (2016) The Political Rhetoric and Oratory of Margaret Thatcher. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London

A chapter in an edited book

Geist A (2008) MPI Must Evolve or Die. In: Lastovetsky A, Kechadi T, Dongarra J (eds) Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface: 15th European PVM/MPI Users’ Group Meeting, Dublin, Ireland, September 7-10, 2008. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 5–5

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infrastructure Complexity.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) Addicted To Oil: US Gasoline Consumption Is Higher Than Ever. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/addicted-to-oil-us-gasoline-consumption-is-higher-than-ever/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Health Information Technology: CMS Took Steps to Improve Its Beneficiary Eligibility Verification System. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Adler AD (2012) Change in Automatic and Strategic Cognition: An Examination of Cognitive Therapy for Depression. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S (2011) Former Arsenal Houses Museum in Kiev, Ukraine. New York Times TR2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (López-Urrutia 2003).
This sentence cites two references (López-Urrutia 2003; Ionescu and Riel 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ionescu and Riel 2011)
Three or more authors: (Nanot et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Infrastructure Complexity
Abbreviation	Infrastruct. Complex.
ISSN (online)	2196-3258
Scope