How to format your references using the Infrastructure Complexity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infrastructure Complexity. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

French C (2010) Archaeology. People, societies, and landscapes. Science 328:443–444

A journal article with 2 authors

Chen D, Savidge T (2015) BIOPHYSICS. Comment on “Extreme electric fields power catalysis in the active site of ketosteroid isomerase.” Science 349:936

A journal article with 3 authors

Knapp S, Polaszek A, Watson M (2007) Spreading the word. Nature 446:261–262

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Im YJ, Raychaudhuri S, Prinz WA, Hurley JH (2005) Structural mechanism for sterol sensing and transport by OSBP-related proteins. Nature 437:154–158

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nasr VG, DiNardo JA (2017) The Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Pasetta V (2005) Modeling Foundations of Economic Property Rights Theory: An Axiomatic Analysis of Economic Agreements. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Correa E (2016) “Out of Order!” Exposure, Experience, E-Learning, and Evaluation: An Interdisciplinary Studies Approach @ Service Learning. In: Lansiquot RD (ed) Technology, Theory, and Practice in Interdisciplinary STEM Programs: Connecting STEM and Non-STEM Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, pp 83–106

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infrastructure Complexity.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2016) We Now Sort Of Know Why SpaceX’s Rocket Exploded. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1979) Social Security Student Benefits for Postsecondary Students Should Be Discontinued. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bigler WH (2010) Increased substance abuse treatment for adolescents. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2003) It Could Be Sharks Versus Sharks In This Rumble on the Waterfront. New York Times 146

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (French 2010).
This sentence cites two references (French 2010; Chen and Savidge 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chen and Savidge 2015)
Three or more authors: (Im et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Infrastructure Complexity
Abbreviation	Infrastruct. Complex.
ISSN (online)	2196-3258
Scope