How to format your references using the Infrastructure Complexity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infrastructure Complexity. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Merali Z (2011) Quantum computing: The power of discord. Nature 474:24–26

A journal article with 2 authors

Gillespie RG, Roderick GK (2014) Evolution: Geology and climate drive diversification. Nature 509:297–298

A journal article with 3 authors

Christensen UR, Holzwarth V, Reiners A (2009) Energy flux determines magnetic field strength of planets and stars. Nature 457:167–169

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bates AE, Helmuth B, Burrows MT, et al (2018) Biologists ignore ocean weather at their peril. Nature 560:299–301

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Barnes P (2008) The JCT 05 Standard Building Sub-Contract. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Berry MW, Gallivan KA, Gallopoulos E, et al (eds) (2012) High-Performance Scientific Computing: Algorithms and Applications. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Brokate M, Kersting G (2015) The Integral of Nonnegative Functions. In: Kersting G (ed) Measure and Integral. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 29–39

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infrastructure Complexity.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) Fentanyl: Widely Used, Deadly When Abused. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976) Problems Associated With D.C. Public Schools Payroll Reporting System. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Amin RM (2010) Detecting targeted malicious email through supervised classification of persistent threat and recipient oriented features. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Craig S (2016) Trump’s Brand Gets Lift From Aging Air Fleet. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Merali 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Merali 2011; Gillespie and Roderick 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gillespie and Roderick 2014)
Three or more authors: (Bates et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Infrastructure Complexity
Abbreviation	Infrastruct. Complex.
ISSN (online)	2196-3258
Scope