How to format your references using the Information Systems Frontiers citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information Systems Frontiers. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vidale, J. E. (2001). Geophysics. Peeling back the layers in Earth’s mantle. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5541), 313.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ogata, H., & Claverie, J.-M. (2008). Microbiology. How to infect a Mimivirus. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5894), 1305–1306.

A journal article with 3 authors

Simiyu, K., Daar, A. S., & Singer, P. A. (2010). Global health. Stagnant health technologies in Africa. Science (New York, N.Y.), 330(6010), 1483–1484.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Shinzato, C., Shoguchi, E., Kawashima, T., Hamada, M., Hisata, K., Tanaka, M., et al. (2011). Using the Acropora digitifera genome to understand coral responses to environmental change. Nature, 476(7360), 320–323.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tobias, J., & Hochhauser, D. (2014). Cancer and its Management. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Nicogossian, A. E., Williams, R. S., Huntoon, C. L., Doarn, C. R., Polk, J. D., & Schneider, V. S. (Eds.). (2016). Space Physiology and Medicine: From Evidence to Practice (4th ed. 2016.). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Núñez, A. A., Sáez, D. A., & Cortés, C. E. (2013). Hybrid Predictive Control for Operational Decisions in Public Transport Systems. In D. A. Sáez & C. E. Cortés (Eds.), Hybrid Predictive Control for Dynamic Transport Problems (pp. 95–125). London: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information Systems Frontiers.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2015, November 4). Cosmic Growing Pains Are Making This Young Star Get Bigger In Bursts. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/protostar-growing-pains-seen-alma/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2010). NASA: Assessments of Selected Large-Scale Projects (No. GAO-10-227SP). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Purdy, D. W. (2017). Identifying Shallow Foundation Failure Modes and Mechanisms Using Surveillance of a Transparent Granular Soil Surrogate (Doctoral dissertation). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2016, August 24). Everyday Minutia, and Where It Leads. New York Times, p. C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Vidale 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Ogata and Claverie 2008; Vidale 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ogata and Claverie 2008)
Three or more authors: (Shinzato et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Information Systems Frontiers
Abbreviation	Inf. Syst. Front.
ISSN (print)	1387-3326
ISSN (online)	1572-9419
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Information Systems Software Theoretical Computer Science