How to format your references using the Information Systems Frontiers citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information Systems Frontiers. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Laloë, F. (2003). Obituary: Jean Brossel (1918-2003). Nature, 422(6929), 274.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ahn, J., & Brook, E. J. (2008). Atmospheric CO2 and climate on millennial time scales during the last glacial period. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5898), 83–85.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shen, Y., Knoll, A. H., & Walter, M. R. (2003). Evidence for low sulphate and anoxia in a mid-Proterozoic marine basin. Nature, 423(6940), 632–635.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Sabater, D., Arriarán, S., Romero, M. del M., Agnelli, S., Remesar, X., Fernández-López, J. A., & Alemany, M. (2014). Cultured 3T3L1 adipocytes dispose of excess medium glucose as lactate under abundant oxygen availability. Scientific reports, 4, 3663.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zarowski, C. J. (2004). An Introduction to Numerical Analysis for Electrical and Computer Engineers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Sencha, A. N. (2013). Breast Ultrasound. (E. V. Evseeva, M. S. Mogutov, & Y. N. Patrunov, Eds.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kouřimská, H., Skuppin, L., & Springborn, B. (2016). A Variational Principle for Cyclic Polygons with Prescribed Edge Lengths. In A. I. Bobenko (Ed.), Advances in Discrete Differential Geometry (pp. 177–195). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information Systems Frontiers.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016, September 22). US National Security Could Be Severely Affected By Climate Change Over The Next 20 Years. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1973). Propriety of Additional Reimbursement for Shipment of Household Effects (No. B-178505). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ortega, S. de. (2006). The Impact of Outcome Measurement on Non-profit Organizations: A Case Study (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2006, December 12). Justices Overturn Ruling In Case on Buttons in Court. New York Times, p. A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Laloë 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Ahn and Brook 2008; Laloë 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ahn and Brook 2008)
Three or more authors: (Sabater et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Information Systems Frontiers
Abbreviation	Inf. Syst. Front.
ISSN (print)	1387-3326
ISSN (online)	1572-9419
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Information Systems Software Theoretical Computer Science