How to format your references using the Journal of Academic Ethics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Academic Ethics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Johnson, E. (2002). Phase of matter. The elusive liquid-solid interface. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5567), 477–478.

A journal article with 2 authors

Backwell, P. R. Y., & Jennions, M. D. (2004). Animal behaviour: coalition among male fiddler crabs. Nature, 430(6998), 417.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lehmann, E., Brueckner, F., & Cramer, P. (2007). Molecular basis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase II activity. Nature, 450(7168), 445–449.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

O’rand, M. G., Widgren, E. E., Sivashanmugam, P., Richardson, R. T., Hall, S. H., French, F. S., et al. (2004). Reversible immunocontraception in male monkeys immunized with eppin. Science (New York, N.Y.), 306(5699), 1189–1190.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Declerck, P. (2012). Discrete Event Systems in Dioid Algebra and Conventional Algebra. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Massart, P. (2007). Concentration Inequalities and Model Selection: Ecole d’Eté de Probabilités de Saint-Flour XXXIII - 2003. (J. Picard, Ed.) (Vol. 1896). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Jankowski, D., & Jackowski, K. (2014). Evolutionary Algorithm for Decision Tree Induction. In K. Saeed & V. Snášel (Eds.), Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management: 13th IFIP TC8 International Conference, CISIM 2014, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, November 5-7, 2014. Proceedings (pp. 23–32). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Academic Ethics.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2017, February 24). The Search For Extraterrestrial Life In The Water Worlds Close To Home. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/the-search-for-extraterrestrial-life-in-the-water-worlds-close-to-home/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1993). Airline Competition: Higher Fares and Less Competition Continue at Concentrated Airports (No. RCED-93-171). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yildiz, S. (2015). Performance analysis of space-time trellis coded MIMO-OFDM systems (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G. G. (2010, August 1). Savoring The Live Action. New York Times, p. ST9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Johnson 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Backwell and Jennions 2004; Johnson 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Backwell and Jennions 2004)
Three or more authors: (O’rand et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Academic Ethics
Abbreviation	J. Acad. Ethics
ISSN (print)	1570-1727
ISSN (online)	1572-8544
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Philosophy Education Sociology and Political Science