How to format your references using the Information Processing Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information Processing Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S. Zschokke, Palaeontology: spider-web silk from the Early Cretaceous, Nature 424 (2003) 636–637.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M. Joanicot, A. Ajdari, Applied physics. Droplet control for microfluidics, Science 309 (2005) 887–888.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

L. Chu, K.-J. Xiao, J.-Q. Yu, Room-temperature enantioselective C-H iodination via kinetic resolution, Science 346 (2014) 451–455.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

B. Yang, Q. Guo, B. Tremain, R. Liu, L.E. Barr, Q. Yan, W. Gao, H. Liu, Y. Xiang, J. Chen, C. Fang, A. Hibbins, L. Lu, S. Zhang, Ideal Weyl points and helicoid surface states in artificial photonic crystal structures, Science 359 (2018) 1013–1016.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A. Balfour, Solomon’s Temple, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

O. Reingold, ed., Theory of Cryptography: 6th Theory of Cryptography Conference, TCC 2009, San Francisco, CA, USA, March 15-17, 2009. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

N.L. Kaidanovskii, Radio Astronomy at the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the USSR Academy of Sciences, in: S.Y. Braude, A.E. Salomonovich, V.A. Samanian, I.S. Shklovskii, R.L. Sorochenko, V.S. Troitskii, K.I. Kellermann, B.A. Dubinskii, N.L. Kaidanovskii, N.S. Kardashev, M.M. Kobrin, A.D. Kuzmin, A.P. Molchanov, Y.N. Pariiskii, O.N. Rzhiga (Eds.), A Brief History of Radio Astronomy in the USSR: A Collection of Scientific Essays, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2012: pp. 137–155.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information Processing Letters.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, Wormhole Illusion Causes Magnetic Field To Move Through Space Undetected, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/physics/wormhole-illusion-experiment-causes-magnetic-field-disappear-and-reappear/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Administration of Family Planning Grants Awarded to Genesee Family Planning Program, Inc, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

I. Sumner, Quantum wavepacket ab initio molecular dynamics: Simulating quantum nuclear effects in complex systems, Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Kishkovsky, New Kirov Home in Golden Glass, New York Times (2003) E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Information Processing Letters
Abbreviation	Inf. Process. Lett.
ISSN (print)	0020-0190
Scope	Computer Science Applications Information Systems Signal Processing Theoretical Computer Science