How to format your references using the Information and Computation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information and Computation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

F. Wilczek, Setting standards, Nature 415 (2002) 265.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D.K. Newman, R. Kolter, A role for excreted quinones in extracellular electron transfer, Nature 405 (2000) 94–97.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. Lev, O. Yehezkel, U. Polat, Uncovering foveal crowding?, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4067.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A. Rohrbach, C. Ballhaus, U. Golla-Schindler, P. Ulmer, V.S. Kamenetsky, D.V. Kuzmin, Metal saturation in the upper mantle, Nature 449 (2007) 456–458.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J.C. Lippold, Welding Metallurgy and Weldability, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

D.E. Johnson, ed., Cell Death Signaling in Cancer Biology and Treatment, Springer, New York, NY, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

F. Jungmann, F. Hilgenberg, S. Porzelt, M. Fischbach, J. Wegge, Team Work and Leadership in an Aging Workforce: Results of an Intervention Project, in: B. Deml, P. Stock, R. Bruder, C.M. Schlick (Eds.), Advances in Ergonomic Design of Systems, Products and Processes: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of GfA 2015, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2016: pp. 57–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information and Computation.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Stunning Photos Of Dried Whisky Under A Microscope, IFLScience (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Government’s Efforts To Standardize Data Elements and Codes for Computer Systems, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1974.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

B. Wilson, Scale effects and the determinants of parcel subdivision: A discrete -time hazard analysis, Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.W. Walsh, Bankruptcy In California Is Not Seen As a Trend, New York Times (2012) B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Information and Computation
Abbreviation	Inf. Comput.
ISSN (print)	0890-5401
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Computer Science Applications Information Systems Theoretical Computer Science