How to format your references using the Information and Computation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information and Computation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R. Garwin, How the mighty have fallen, Nature 449 (2007) 543.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

N. Masataka, L. Perlovsky, Cognitive interference can be mitigated by consonant music and facilitated by dissonant music, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2028.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M.I. Sereno, S. Pitzalis, A. Martinez, Mapping of contralateral space in retinotopic coordinates by a parietal cortical area in humans, Science 294 (2001) 1350–1354.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

V. Sorrentino, M. Romani, L. Mouchiroud, J.S. Beck, H. Zhang, D. D’Amico, N. Moullan, F. Potenza, A.W. Schmid, S. Rietsch, S.E. Counts, J. Auwerx, Enhancing mitochondrial proteostasis reduces amyloid-β proteotoxicity, Nature 552 (2017) 187–193.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S. Dubuisson, Tracking with Particle Filter for High-Dimensional Observation and State Spaces, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

P. Stenström, ed., Transactions on High-Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers IV, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

S. D’Mello, A. Graesser, Affect Detection from Human-Computer Dialogue with an Intelligent Tutoring System, in: J. Gratch, M. Young, R. Aylett, D. Ballin, P. Olivier (Eds.), Intelligent Virtual Agents: 6th International Conference, IVA 2006, Marina Del Rey, CA, USA, August 21-23, 2006. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006: pp. 54–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information and Computation.

Blog post

[1]

A. Carpineti, Incredibly Rare Pulsating Star Discovered By Astronomers, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/space/incredibly-rare-pulsating-star-discovered-by-astronomers/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Monitoring the Development of the Federal Power Commission’s Regulatory Information System, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J. Lansdon, A policy analysis of California’s three strikes law of 1994, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Billard, The View From the Back Row, New York Times (2016) D7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Information and Computation
Abbreviation	Inf. Comput.
ISSN (print)	0890-5401
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Computer Science Applications Information Systems Theoretical Computer Science