How to format your references using the Inflammation Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Inflammation Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Parker T. Sustainable energy: Cutting science’s electricity bill. Nature. 2011;480:315–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Libby E, Ratcliff WC. Evolution. Ratcheting the evolution of multicellularity. Science. 2014;346:426–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Dai X, Chen A, Bai Z. Integrative investigation on breast cancer in ER, PR and HER2-defined subgroups using mRNA and miRNA expression profiling. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6566.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Wernig M, Meissner A, Foreman R, Brambrink T, Ku M, Hochedlinger K, et al. In vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state. Nature. 2007;448:318–24.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Heuer A. Der perfekte Tipp. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2012.

An edited book

1. Sieper J. Clinician’s Manual on Axial Spondyloarthritis. Braun J, editor. Tarporley: Springer Healthcare Ltd.; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Gonzalvo X, Taylor P, Monzo C, Iriondo I, Socoró JC. High Quality Emotional HMM-Based Synthesis in Spanish. In: Solé-Casals J, Zaiats V, editors. Advances in Nonlinear Speech Processing: International Conference on Nonlinear Speech Processing, NOLISP 2009, Vic, Spain, June 25-27 Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 26–34.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Inflammation Research.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. When An Antarctic Iceberg The Size Of A Country Breaks Away, What Happens Next? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Transportation and Telecommunications Issue Area--Active Assignments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 Jan. Report No.: AA-97-18(1).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Tam R. Adaptation of AspectJ for C sharp [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Protess B, Apuzzo M. Tougher on Corporate Crime. For Now. New York Times. 2017 Jan 12;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Inflammation Research
Abbreviation	Inflamm. Res.
ISSN (print)	1023-3830
ISSN (online)	1420-908X
Scope	Immunology Pharmacology