How to format your references using the Infection citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infection. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Butler D. Safety doubts force rethink of embattled comet mission. Nature. 2003;421:198.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Roman J, Palumbi SR. Whales before whaling in the North Atlantic. Science. 2003;301:508–10.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kormendy J, Bender R, Cornell ME. Supermassive black holes do not correlate with galaxy disks or pseudobulges. Nature. 2011;469:374–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Turney CSM, Kershaw AP, Clemens SC, Branch N, Moss PT, Fifield LK. Millennial and orbital variations of El Niño/Southern Oscillation and high-latitude climate in the last glacial period. Nature. 2004;428:306–10.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Daries H. Nutrition for Sport and Exercise. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.,; 2012.

An edited book

1. Fouilhoux P, Gouveia LEN, Mahjoub AR, Paschos VT, editors. Combinatorial Optimization: Third International Symposium, ISCO 2014, Lisbon, Portugal, March 5-7, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Balaji Rao K, Anoop MB, Vinod G, Kushwaha HS. Risk Informed In-Service Inspection of PWR Nuclear Power Plant Piping Components Subjected to Erosion-Corrosion Using Markov Chain Model. In: Kumar U, Ahmadi A, Verma AK, Varde P, editors. Current Trends in Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety: An Industry Perspective. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 39–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infection.

Blog post

1. Hale T. Bushbaby-Inspired Robot Can Do Parkour Flips Off Vertical Walls. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Student Loans: Challenges in Estimating Federal Subsidy Costs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Sep. Report No.: GAO-05-874.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Whidby MA. Citation handling: Processing citation texts in scientific documents [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Philipps D, Hubbard B. Video Shows U.S. Soldiers Who Died In Jordan. New York Times. 2017 Jul 25;A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Infection
Abbreviation	Infection
ISSN (print)	0300-8126
ISSN (online)	1439-0973
Scope	General Medicine Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)