How to format your references using the Infection citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infection. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Deng B. Motion studies: See how they run. Nature. 2015;525:145–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Wrachtrup J, Finkler A. Applied physics: Hybrid sensors ring the changes. Nature. 2014;512:380–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Atran S, Axelrod R, Davis R. Social science. Sacred barriers to conflict resolution. Science. 2007;317:1039–40.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Donnelly CA, Woodroffe R, Cox DR, Bourne J, Gettinby G, Le Fevre AM, et al. Impact of localized badger culling on tuberculosis incidence in British cattle. Nature. 2003;426:834–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Tschirhart M, Bielefeld W. Managing Nonprofit Organizations. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Adan RAH, Kaye WH, editors. Behavioral Neurobiology of Eating Disorders. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Cartmell D. Marketing Shakespeare Films: From Tragedy to Biopic. In: Shellard D, Keenan S, editors. Shakespeare’s Cultural Capital: His Economic Impact from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-first Century. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 57–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infection.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Russia And Europe Collaborate On A Joint Mission To The Moon [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/russia-and-europe-joint-mission-moon/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. NASA Program Costs: Space Missions Require Substantially More Funding Than Initially Estimated. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Dec. Report No.: NSIAD-93-97.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Manalo JB. Ascend Physical Therapy: A Private Practice Clinic for the Next Level [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Koblin J, Grynbaum MM. Top Political Journalist Faces Multiple Claims of Harassment. New York Times. 2017 Oct 26;B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Infection
Abbreviation	Infection
ISSN (print)	0300-8126
ISSN (online)	1439-0973
Scope	General Medicine Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)