How to format your references using the Infection citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infection. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Cyranoski D. Neutrino physics: tanked up and ready for action. Nature. 2002;420:737.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Bray PS, Anderson KB. Identification of Carboniferous (320 million years old) class Ic amber. Science. 2009;326:132–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Lawrence T, Hageman T, Balkwill F. Cancer. Sex, cytokines, and cancer. Science. 2007;317:51–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Hilley GE, Bürgmann R, Ferretti A, Novali F, Rocca F. Dynamics of slow-moving landslides from permanent scatterer analysis. Science. 2004;304:1952–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ratliff TA. The Laboratory Quality Assurance System. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Kaufman HL, Wolchok JD, editors. General Principles of Tumor Immunotherapy: Basic and Clinical Applications of Tumor Immunology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Merz C. Incubating Micro Enterprises in Rural South Africa – The Use Case of Virtual Buying Cooperatives. In: Picot A, Lorenz J, editors. ICT for the Next Five Billion People: Information and Communication for Sustainable Development. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 35–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infection.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. An Entangled Portrait of Schrödinger’s Cat. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. IRS Operations: Significant Challenges in Financial Management and Systems Modernization. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Mar. Report No.: T-AIMD-96-56.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Gallardo-Macias R. Tin (II) compounds as novel catalysts for the Kabachnik-Fields reaction: Studies in the synthesis of alpha-aminophosphonates under solvent free conditions and Synthesis of phosphonates and phosphates as reversible and irreversible inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Brantley B. The Fine Art of Using Love as a Weapon. New York Times. 2016 Oct 31;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Infection
Abbreviation	Infection
ISSN (print)	0300-8126
ISSN (online)	1439-0973
Scope	General Medicine Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)