How to format your references using the Infant Observation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infant Observation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maynard, H. (2015). Chemical biology: Protein modification in a trice. Nature, 526(7575), 646–647.

A journal article with 2 authors

Annas, G. J., & Elias, S. (2004). Politics, morals and embryos. Nature, 431(7004), 19–20.

A journal article with 3 authors

Guo, G., Wang, W., & Bradley, A. (2004). Mismatch repair genes identified using genetic screens in Blm-deficient embryonic stem cells. Nature, 429(6994), 891–895.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Barker, S., Diz, P., Vautravers, M. J., Pike, J., Knorr, G., Hall, I. R., & Broecker, W. S. (2009). Interhemispheric Atlantic seesaw response during the last deglaciation. Nature, 457(7233), 1097–1102.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ballast, D. K. (2010). Interior Detailing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Landreau, J. C., & Rodriguez, N. M. (Eds.). (2012). Queer Masculinities: A Critical Reader in Education (Vol. 21). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Shi, L., & Ólafsson, S. (2009). Mathematical Programming in the NP Framework. In S. Ólafsson (Ed.), Nested Partitions Method, Theory and Applications (pp. 69–83). Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infant Observation.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, August 15). What Does Your Skin Look Like Under UV Light? IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/what-does-your-skin-look-under-uv-light/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2016). Information Technology: Federal Agencies Need to Address Aging Legacy Systems (GAO-16-468). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Joseph, S. (2009). A comprehensive evaluation of a school system’s grow your own principal preparation program [Doctoral dissertation]. George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2010, September 5). Bustling Booth Becomes Waypoint In Ashe’s Legacy. New York Times, SP7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Maynard, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Annas & Elias, 2004; Maynard, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Annas & Elias, 2004)
Three authors: (Guo et al., 2004)
6 or more authors: (Barker et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Infant Observation
ISSN (print)	1369-8036
ISSN (online)	1745-8943
Scope	Applied Psychology Clinical Psychology Developmental and Educational Psychology Social Psychology

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