How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Macilwain C. Emerging powers need a more-inclusive science. Nature. 2014;505:7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Paczolt KA, Jones AG. Post-copulatory sexual selection and sexual conflict in the evolution of male pregnancy. Nature. 2010;464:401–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Seymour RS, White CR, Gibernau M. Environmental biology: heat reward for insect pollinators. Nature. 2003;426:243–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Miller DL, Kubista KD, Rutter GM, Ruan M, de Heer WA, First PN, et al. Observing the quantization of zero mass carriers in graphene. Science. 2009;324:924–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Robertson B, Vignaux GA, Berger CEH. Interpreting Evidence. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

1. Aguilera JM, Lillford PJ, editors. Food Materials Science: Principles and Practice. New York, NY: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Künzel HE, Boos N. Pathways of Spinal Pain. In: Boos N, Aebi M, editors. Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 123–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. THC In Cannabis Boosts Cognition In Old Mice [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/thc-in-cannabis-boosts-cognition-in-old-mice/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Embedded Computer Systems: F-14D Aircraft Software Is Not Reliable. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Apr. Report No.: IMTEC-92-21.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Litt D. Social networking sites and adolescent alcohol use: The role of social images, social norms, and social comparison [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. In Death Row Case, Justices Order Retrial Over Evidence. New York Times. 2006 May 2;A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Abbreviation	Indian J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0970-9134
ISSN (online)	0973-7723
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Surgery

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