How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Schiermeier Q. Internet is the new key for restructured film institute. Nature. 2000;406:553.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Hegazy AN, Powrie F. MICROBIOME. Microbiota RORgulates intestinal suppressor T cells. Science. 2015;349:929–30.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Pullium JK, Roble GS, Raymond MA. Emergency planning: Be prepared. Nature. 2014;514:430.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Fraidenraich D, Stillwell E, Romero E, Wilkes D, Manova K, Basson CT, et al. Rescue of cardiac defects in id knockout embryos by injection of embryonic stem cells. Science. 2004;306:247–52.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Halpert B. Auditing Cloud Computing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Klöpffer W, editor. Background and Future Prospects in Life Cycle Assessment. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Gohlke M, Beaudoin JF, Amielh M, Anselmet F. Effect of Unsteady Separation on an Automotive Bluff-Body in Cross-Wind. In: Braza M, Hourigan K, editors. IUTAM Symposium on Unsteady Separated Flows and their Control: Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium “Unsteady Separated Flows and their Control“, Corfu, Greece, 18–22 June 2007. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009. p. 35–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Dogs Can Tell The Difference Between Happy And Angry Faces [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dogs-can-tell-difference-between-happy-and-angry-faces/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Regulatory Initiatives of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001 Jul. Report No.: GAO-01-885R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. He H. Numerical Simulations of Unsteady Flows in a Pulse Detonation Engine by the Space-Time Conservation Element and Solution Element Method [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wagner J. Bruce’s Third Homer in Five Games Helps Protect Wild-Card Lead. New York Times. 2016 Sep 29;B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Abbreviation	Indian J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0970-9134
ISSN (online)	0973-7723
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Surgery