How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Mervis J. Funding. NIH program fails to launch blacks in biotech. Science. 2015;350:896.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Poggio T, Bizzi E. Generalization in vision and motor control. Nature. 2004;431:768–74.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Mavrodiev P, Tessone CJ, Schweitzer F. Quantifying the effects of social influence. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1360.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Guthöhrlein GR, Keller M, Hayasaka K, Lange W, Walther H. A single ion as a nanoscopic probe of an optical field. Nature. 2001;414:49–51.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Serval J-F, Tranié J-P. The Monetary System. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Karer G. Predictive Approaches to Control of Complex Systems. Škrjanc I, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Howie C. The Dysplastic Hip. In: Malchau H, editor. The Well-Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty: Theory and Practice. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. p. 37–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. How Sharks And Skates Sense The Electrical Fields Of Their Prey. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Airport Noise Grants: FAA Needs to Better Ensure Project Eligibility and Improve Strategic Goal and Performance Measures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012 Sep. Report No.: GAO-12-890.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Spillman SA. Is More Always Better: Comparing the Effects of Single and Multiple Learning Channels on Academic Performance [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kishkovsky S. BP’s Deal With TNK Is Approved By Russia. New York Times. 2003 Aug 27;W1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Abbreviation	Indian J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0970-9134
ISSN (online)	0973-7723
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Surgery