How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lawler A (2000) U.S. SPACE SCIENCE: Earmarks, Rising Costs Threaten NASA Missions. Science 289:2018

A journal article with 2 authors

Magurran AE, Henderson PA (2003) Explaining the excess of rare species in natural species abundance distributions. Nature 422:714–716

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaminski J, Call J, Fischer J (2004) Word learning in a domestic dog: evidence for “fast mapping.” Science 304:1682–1683

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Moll J, Barzaghi P, Lin S, et al (2001) An agrin minigene rescues dystrophic symptoms in a mouse model for congenital muscular dystrophy. Nature 413:302–307

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Liu J, Dong X, Chen X, et al (2016) Fault Location and Service Restoration for Electrical Distribution Systems. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore

An edited book

Tomascak PB (2016) Advances in Lithium Isotope Geochemistry, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Kar S, Datta D (2015) Industrial Organization and the Labor Market. In: Datta D (ed) Industrial and Labor Economics: Issues in Developing and Transition Countries. Springer India, New Delhi, pp 107–137

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) SpaceX Files Protest Against Air Force Over National Security Launch Monopoly. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978) The Role of Field Operations in the Federal Communications Commission’s Regulatory Structure. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Etchberger JF (2008) The cis-regulatory logic of gustatory neuron development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2002) Few Kind Words Are Heard for a Proposed Economic Zone. New York Times 146

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology
Abbreviation	Indian J. Surg. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	0975-7651
ISSN (online)	0976-6952
Scope	Oncology Surgery