How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hedin LO (2015) Biogeochemistry: signs of saturation in the tropical carbon sink. Nature 519:295–296

A journal article with 2 authors

Dawkins MS, Woodington A (2000) Pattern recognition and active vision in chickens. Nature 403:652–655

A journal article with 3 authors

Wood MJ, Storz G, Tjandra N (2004) Structural basis for redox regulation of Yap1 transcription factor localization. Nature 430:917–921

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Flavell SW, Cowan CW, Kim T-K, et al (2006) Activity-dependent regulation of MEF2 transcription factors suppresses excitatory synapse number. Science 311:1008–1012

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Box GEP, Luceño A, Paniagua-Quiñones MDC (2009) Statistical Control by Monitoring and Adjustment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Raghavan NRS, Cafeo JA (2009) Product Research: The Art and Science Behind Successful Product Launches. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Cheng LP (2015) Developing Critical Reflection Through Audio and Video Technology for Some Singapore Primary School Mathematics Teachers. In: Ng SF (ed) Cases of Mathematics Professional Development in East Asian Countries: Using Video to Support Grounded Analysis. Springer, Singapore, pp 39–60

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2015) Here’s Why You Shouldn’t Wear A Bra, According To Science. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/no-bra-day-special-are-bras-bad-you/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1980) The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

De la Rosa-Carrillo EL (2015) On the language of Internet Memes. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt MS (2017) Trump Appealed to Comey to Halt Inquiry Into Aide. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology
Abbreviation	Indian J. Surg. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	0975-7651
ISSN (online)	0976-6952
Scope	Oncology Surgery