How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Südhof TC (2015) Reproducibility: Experimental mismatch in neural circuits. Nature 528:338–339

A journal article with 2 authors

Helin K, Dhanak D (2013) Chromatin proteins and modifications as drug targets. Nature 502:480–488

A journal article with 3 authors

Castro-Camus E, Palomar M, Covarrubias AA (2013) Leaf water dynamics of Arabidopsis thaliana monitored in-vivo using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Sci Rep 3:2910

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Harmon LJ, Matthews B, Des Roches S, et al (2009) Evolutionary diversification in stickleback affects ecosystem functioning. Nature 458:1167–1170

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bertocchi M, Schwartz SL, Ziemba WT (2010) Optimizing the Aging, Retirement, and Pensions Dilemma. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Hilbi H (2014) Molecular Mechanisms in Legionella Pathogenesis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Plonsey R, Barr RC (2007) Action Potentials. In: Barr RC (ed) Bioelectricity: A Quantitative Approach. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 97–153

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Surgery.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Human Brains Are Structurally The Same As Non-Human Primate Brains. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/human-brains-structurally-same-non-human-primate-brains/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) FCC: Rules and Policies for Local Multipoint Distribution Service and for Fixed Satellite Services. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gajewski TJ (2014) Exploring leadership styles from a mediator’s perspective: A phenomenological study examining four specific organizational leadership styles and their relationship to four mediation styles as summarized by Leonard L. Riskin. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hoffman C (2013) David Lynch Has a Great Idea for a Movie. New York Times MM26

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Surgery
Abbreviation	Indian J. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0972-2068
ISSN (online)	0973-9793
Scope	Surgery

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