How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Proud CG (2007) Cell signaling. mTOR, unleashed. Science 318:926–927

A journal article with 2 authors

Wibberley CAJ, Shimamoto T (2005) Earthquake slip weakening and asperities explained by thermal pressurization. Nature 436:689–692

A journal article with 3 authors

MacAlister CA, Ohashi-Ito K, Bergmann DC (2007) Transcription factor control of asymmetric cell divisions that establish the stomatal lineage. Nature 445:537–540

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Hu X, Yang J, Zi J, et al (2013) Experimental observation of negative effective gravity in water waves. Sci Rep 3:1916

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rohde UL, Jain GC, Poddar AK, Ghosh AK (2011) Introduction to Integral Calculus. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Bruggeman M (2007) Pro SharePoint 2007 Development Techniques. Apress, Berkeley, CA

A chapter in an edited book

Grossman M (2015) Disenchantments: Counter-Terror Narratives and Conviviality. In: Mansouri F (ed) Cultural, Religious and Political Contestations: The Multicultural Challenge. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 71–89

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Surgery.

Blog post

Hale T (2017) This Wind-Powered Ball Is The Godfather Of New Anti-Landmine Tech. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/this-windpowered-ball-is-the-godfather-of-new-antilandmine-tech/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993) High Speed Ground Transportation: Financial Barriers to Development. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Best TF (2014) Evaluation of effectiveness, reproducibility, and repeatability of using dentition for estimating cattle age. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker P (2017) Forces He Could Not Control. New York Times BR11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Surgery
Abbreviation	Indian J. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0972-2068
ISSN (online)	0973-9793
Scope	Surgery