How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Morrison P (2001) Tales behind the tags. Nature 413:461

A journal article with 2 authors

Purugganan MD, Fuller DQ (2009) The nature of selection during plant domestication. Nature 457:843–848

A journal article with 3 authors

Pergams ORW, Barnes WM, Nyberg D (2003) Mammalian microevolution: Rapid change in mouse mitochondrial DNA. Nature 423:397

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Pascual A, Huang K-L, Neveu J, Préat T (2004) Neuroanatomy: brain asymmetry and long-term memory. Nature 427:605–606

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kanel GC (2017) Pathology of Liver Diseases. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Rossi M, Sasso M, Connesson N, et al (2014) Residual Stress, Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems, Volume 8: Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Chin A, Chignell M (2010) DISSECT: Data-Intensive Socially Similar Evolving Community Tracker. In: Abraham A, Hassanien A-E, Sná¿el V (eds) Computational Social Network Analysis: Trends, Tools and Research Advances. Springer, London, pp 81–105

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Why are Pandas so Chilled? The Clue is in the Bamboo. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-are-pandas-so-chilled-clue-bamboo/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2014) Screening Partnership Program: TSA Has Improved Application Guidance and Monitoring of Screener Performance, and Continues to Improve Cost Comparison Methods. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez RM (2017) Experimental Evaluation of Cooling Effectiveness and Water Conservation in a Poultry House Using Flow Blurring Atomizers. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M (2010) Framing a Statement. New York Times E5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Surgery
Abbreviation	Indian J. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0972-2068
ISSN (online)	0973-9793
Scope	Surgery