How to format your references using the Imaging in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Imaging in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Long JCS. Piecemeal cuts won’t add up to radical reductions. Nature. 478(7370), 429 (2011).

A journal article with 2 authors

Korkusinski M, Hawrylak P. Quantum strain sensor with a topological insulator HgTe quantum dot. Sci. Rep. 4, 4903 (2014).

A journal article with 3 authors

Santos MD, Dorogovtsev SN, Mendes JFF. Biased imitation in coupled evolutionary games in interdependent networks. Sci. Rep. 4, 4436 (2014).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mecklenbräuker I, Kalled SL, Leitges M, Mackay F, Tarakhovsky A. Regulation of B-cell survival by BAFF-dependent PKCdelta-mediated nuclear signalling. Nature. 431(7007), 456–461 (2004).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Walke B, Seidenberg R, Althoff MP. UMTS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Riaño D, Teije AT, Miksch S, Peleg M, editors. Knowledge Representation for Health-Care. Data, Processes and Guidelines: AIME 2009 Workshop KR4HC 2009, Verona, Italy, July 19, 2009, Revised Selected and Invited Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Ghatak KP, Bhattacharya S. The DSL for III–V, Ternary and Quaternary Semiconductors Under External Photo-Excitation. In: Debye Screening Length: Effects of Nanostructured Materials. Bhattacharya S (Ed.), Springer International Publishing, Cham, 109–131 (2014).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Imaging in Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Rats Use Their Whiskers Like Humans Use Their Fingers [Internet]. IFLScience (2014). Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/rats-use-their-whiskers-humans-use-their-fingers/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Business Modernization: Disciplined Processes Needed to Better Manage NASA’s Integrated Financial Management Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Felsburg DF. The business of evangelism: A phenomenological study of frustration and attrition among Christian evangelists. (2008).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Reinhart MK. High-Profile Union Ends Abruptly. New York Times, ST14 (2015).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Imaging in Medicine
Abbreviation	Imaging Med.
ISSN (print)	1755-5191
ISSN (online)	1755-5205
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiological and Ultrasound Technology

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