How to format your references using the Imaging in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Imaging in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stuart JS. A near-Earth asteroid population estimate from the LINEAR survey. Science. 294(5547), 1691–1693 (2001).

A journal article with 2 authors

Subramanian MA, Manzer LE. A “greener” synthetic route for fluoroaromatics via copper (II) fluoride. Science. 297(5587), 1665 (2002).

A journal article with 3 authors

Theise ND, Krause DS, Sharkis S. Comment on “Little evidence for developmental plasticity of adult hematopoietic stem cells.” Science. 299(5611), 1317; author reply 1317 (2003).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lourens LJ, Sluijs A, Kroon D, et al. Astronomical pacing of late Palaeocene to early Eocene global warming events. Nature. 435(7045), 1083–1087 (2005).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Akcoglu MA, Bartha PFA, Ha DM. Analysis in Vector Spaces. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Brundin P, Olanow CW, editors. Restorative Therapies in Parkinson’s Disease. Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Jiang Q, Wen Z. Thermodynamics of Phase Transitions. In: Thermodynamics of Materials. Wen Z (Ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 157–206 (2011).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Imaging in Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. Doctors Prescribe More Antibiotics As Day Wears On [Internet]. IFLScience (2014). Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/doctors-prescribe-more-antibiotics-day-wears/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Determination of Costs Relating to the Environmental Education Act. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lamanna SG. Colombian Spanish in North Carolina: The role of language and dialect contact in the formation of a new variety of U.S. Spanish. (2012).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY JC Jr. A Murder Trial in Which the Gunman Is Unknown. New York Times, A24 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Imaging in Medicine
Abbreviation	Imaging Med.
ISSN (print)	1755-5191
ISSN (online)	1755-5205
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiological and Ultrasound Technology