How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

W. T. Huntress Jr, “Planetary science. Human space exploration is about more than just science,” Science, vol. 301, no. 5634, p. 771, Aug. 2003.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D. J. Singel and J. S. Stamler, “Blood traffic control,” Nature, vol. 430, no. 6997, p. 297, Jul. 2004.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

F. Chen, P. W. Tillberg, and E. S. Boyden, “Optical imaging. Expansion microscopy,” Science, vol. 347, no. 6221, pp. 543–548, Jan. 2015.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Y. A. Rim et al., “Self in vivo production of a synthetic biological drug CTLA4Ig using a minicircle vector,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 6935, Nov. 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S. Bernström, Valuation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

D. S. Ettinger, Ed., Supportive Care in Cancer Therapy. in Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E. Liu, “Biology Education in China 2000–2010,” in Biology Education for Social and Sustainable Development, M. Kim and C. H. Diong, Eds., Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2012, pp. 51–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “No, Solar Panels Will Not Drain The Sun’s Energy,” IFLScience, May 27, 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/no-solar-panels-will-not-drain-suns-energy/ (accessed Oct. 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “General Government Information Systems Issue Area: Active Assignments,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, AA-96-28(2), Apr. 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K. Visweswaran, “Face Recognition Technique for Blurred/Unclear Images,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Paulson, “Idina Menzel Chooses An Off Broadway Stage,” New York Times, p. C3, May 16, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1]–[4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.
ISSN (print)	1045-9219
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Hardware and Architecture Signal Processing

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