How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S. Buckingham, “Call in the women,” Nature, vol. 468, no. 7323, p. 502, Nov. 2010.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J. Møller-Jensen and K. Gerdes, “Microbiology. Dynamic instability of a bacterial engine,” Science, vol. 306, no. 5698, pp. 987–989, Nov. 2004.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

G. C. Turner, F. Du, and A. Varshavsky, “Peptides accelerate their uptake by activating a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway,” Nature, vol. 405, no. 6786, pp. 579–583, Jun. 2000.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M. N. Baliki, P. C. Chang, A. T. Baria, M. V. Centeno, and A. V. Apkarian, “Resting-sate functional reorganization of the rat limbic system following neuropathic injury,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 6186, Sep. 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A. Kukushkin, Radio Wave Propagation in the Marine Boundary Layer. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2004.

An edited book

[1]

G. Gopalakrishnan and S. Qadeer, Eds., Computer Aided Verification: 23rd International Conference, CAV 2011, Snowbird, UT, USA, July 14-20, 2011. Proceedings, vol. 6806. in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6806. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

C. S. Boutlis, E. M. Riley, N. M. Anstey, and J. B. de Souza, “Glycosylphosphatidylinositols in Malaria Pathogenesis and Immunity: Potential for Therapeutic Inhibition and Vaccination,” in Immunology and Immunopathogenesis of Malaria, J. Langhorne, Ed., in Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2005, pp. 145–185.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, “New Type Of Lymphatic ‘Scavenger’ Cells Unexpectedly Discovered In Zebrafish Brains,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/new-type-of-lymphatic-scavenger-cells-unexpectedly-discovered-in-zebrafish-brains/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Federal Reserve Has Established Effective Year 2000 Management Controls for Internal Systems Conversion,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, AIMD-99-78, Apr. 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M. Nguyen, “Therapeutic groups for adults with mental illness and their caregivers: A grant proposal,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. M. Grynbaum and J. Koblin, “Fox Settles Sex Harassment Suit as Another Host Abruptly Exits,” New York Times, p. A1, Sep. 06, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.
ISSN (print)	1045-9219
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Hardware and Architecture Signal Processing