How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S. Firestein, “How the olfactory system makes sense of scents,” Nature, vol. 413, no. 6852, pp. 211–218, Sep. 2001.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

W. C. Keene and A. A. P. Pszenny, “Comment on ‘Reactions at interfaces as a source of sulfate formation in sea-salt particles’ (I),” Science, vol. 303, no. 5658, pp. 628; author reply 628, Jan. 2004.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T. Preis, H. S. Moat, and H. E. Stanley, “Quantifying trading behavior in financial markets using Google Trends,” Sci. Rep., vol. 3, p. 1684, 2013.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A. Genin, J. S. Jaffe, R. Reef, C. Richter, and P. J. S. Franks, “Swimming against the flow: a mechanism of zooplankton aggregation,” Science, vol. 308, no. 5723, pp. 860–862, May 2005.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

C. Matthews, A Practical Guide to Engineering Failure Investigation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 1998.

An edited book

[1]

M. Kurosu, Ed., Human Centered Design: First International Conference, HCD 2009, Held as Part of HCI International 2009, San Diego, CA, USA, July 19-24, 2009 Proceedings, vol. 5619. in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5619. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

D. J. Shayler and D. M. Harland, “LST becomes ST, becomes HST,” in The Hubble Space Telescope: From Concept to Success, D. M. Harland, Ed., New York, NY: Springer, 2016, pp. 131–189.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, “Justin Trudeau Says Canada Will Implement Carbon Tax To Help Meet Climate Change Targets,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/justin-trudeau-says-canada-will-implement-carbon-tax-to-help-meet-climate-change-targets/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Student Attrition at the Five Federal Service Academies. Enclosure B:,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, FPCD-76-12B, Mar. 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

L. M. Addington, “Students’ Preferences for Information Sources during the Undergraduate College Search Process: The Influence of Technology,” Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G. Vecsey, “Soccer Is Welcome At Home of Sox,” New York Times, p. B15, Jul. 26, 2012.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst.
ISSN (print)	2162-237X
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Networks and Communications Computer Science Applications Software