How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

A. G. Sanfey, “Social decision-making: insights from game theory and neuroscience,” Science, vol. 318, no. 5850, pp. 598–602, Oct. 2007.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

P. Podsiadlowski and S. Justham, “Astronomy. Big bang points to stellar mix-up,” Science, vol. 314, no. 5805, pp. 1551–1552, Dec. 2006.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J.-K. Weng, R. N. Philippe, and J. P. Noel, “The rise of chemodiversity in plants,” Science, vol. 336, no. 6089, pp. 1667–1670, Jun. 2012.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Q. Ji, Z.-X. Luo, C.-X. Yuan, J. R. Wible, J.-P. Zhang, and J. A. Georgi, “The earliest known eutherian mammal,” Nature, vol. 416, no. 6883, pp. 816–822, Apr. 2002.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

E. Morrow, A. Boaz, S. Brearley, and F. Ross, Handbook of Service User Involvement in Nursing and Healthcare Research. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

P. V. Marcal and N. Yamagata, Eds., Design and Analysis of Reinforced Fiber Composites, 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

R. J. Hosking and R. L. Dewar, “Waves in Fluids,” in Fundamental Fluid Mechanics and Magnetohydrodynamics, R. L. Dewar, Ed., Singapore: Springer, 2016, pp. 113–155.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Education.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “Would You Wear Clothes Made From Fish By-Products?,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/tidal-vision-leads-wave-turning-fish-products-clothes/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Aviation Security: Implementation of Recommendations Is Under Way, but Completion Will Take Several Years,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, RCED-98-102, Apr. 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J. A. Piekielek, “Public wildlands at the U.S.-Mexico border: Where conservation, migration, and border enforcement collide,” Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

E. Rosenberg and J. Surico, “Beam Falls From a Crane, Killing 2 Workers in Queens,” New York Times, p. A23, Nov. 22, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Education
ISSN (print)	0018-9359
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Education