How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Computers citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Computers. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C. Macilwain, “Economic divide taking toll on European science,” Nature, vol. 517, no. 7533, p. 123, Jan. 2015.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

L.-L. Jiang and M. Perc, “Spreading of cooperative behaviour across interdependent groups,” Sci. Rep., vol. 3, p. 2483, 2013.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

K. Xia, A. J. Rosakis, and H. Kanamori, “Laboratory earthquakes: the sub-Rayleigh-to-supershear rupture transition,” Science, vol. 303, no. 5665, pp. 1859–1861, Mar. 2004.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

I. Aihara et al., “Spatio-temporal dynamics in collective frog choruses examined by mathematical modeling and field observations,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 3891, Jan. 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Kissell, Mac® Security Bible. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2009.

An edited book

[1]

H. J. Pasman and I. A. Kirillov, Eds., Resilience of Cities to Terrorist and other Threats: Learning from 9/11 and further Research Issues. in NATO Science for Peace and Security Series Series C: Environmental Security. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

F. Fend and L. Quintanilla-Martínez, “The Application of Molecular Techniques on Bone Marrow Trephines,” in Bone Marrow Lymphoid Infiltrates: Diagnosis and Clinical Impact, D. Anagnostou and E. Matutes, Eds., London: Springer, 2012, pp. 67–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Computers.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, “Tiny Vampires In Ancient Seas Sucked The Insides Out Of Their Prey,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/tiny-vampires-ancient-seas-sucked-insides-out-their-prey/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Delta Teachers Academy,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, RCED-94-213R, May 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

D. B. Lancelin, “A Phenomenological Case Study of Teacher Experiences with and Understanding of Instruction Aligned to the CCSS, and their Role in Advancing Equal Educational Opportunities for Students,” Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Pilon, “Forging Path to Starting Line For Younger Disabled Athletes,” New York Times, p. A1, Jan. 15, 2013.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Computers
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Comput.
ISSN (print)	0018-9340
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Hardware and Architecture Software Theoretical Computer Science