How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Computers citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Computers. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D. E. Gottschling, “Molecular biology. Fragile delivery to the genome,” Science, vol. 337, no. 6091, pp. 160–161, Jul. 2012.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J. Gottlieb and P. Mazzoni, “Neuroscience. Action, illusion, and perception,” Science, vol. 303, no. 5656, pp. 317–318, Jan. 2004.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

I. A. Chen, R. W. Roberts, and J. W. Szostak, “The emergence of competition between model protocells,” Science, vol. 305, no. 5689, pp. 1474–1476, Sep. 2004.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M. Nakajima et al., “Reconstitution of circadian oscillation of cyanobacterial KaiC phosphorylation in vitro,” Science, vol. 308, no. 5720, pp. 414–415, Apr. 2005.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R. S. Mazze et al., Staged Diabetes Management. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

G. Brown, E. Morava, V. Peters, K. M. Gibson, and J. Zschocke, Eds., JIMD Reports - Case and Research Reports, 2012/4, vol. 7. in JIMD Reports, vol. 7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

H. Le Cadre, M. Bouhtou, and B. Tuffin, “A Pricing Model for a Mobile Network Operator Sharing Limited Resource with a Mobile Virtual Network Operator,” in Network Economics for Next Generation Networks: 6th International Workshop on Internet Charging and Qos Technologies, ICQT 2009, Aachen, Germany, May 11-15, 2009. Proceedings, P. Reichl, B. Stiller, and B. Tuffin, Eds., in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2009, pp. 24–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Computers.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “See Inside A Tiger Shark’s Mouth As It Gobbles A GoPro,” IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Department of the Interior: Bureau of Reclamation Aircraft Should Be Centrally Managed Like Other Interior Aircraft,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GGD-90-20, Jan. 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J. Hardin, “A study of social cognitive theory: The relationship between professional learning communities and collective teacher efficacy in international school settings,” Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Sisario, “Tommy LiPuma, 80, a Record Producer and Five-Time Grammy Award Winner,” New York Times, p. B19, Mar. 15, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Computers
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Comput.
ISSN (print)	0018-9340
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Hardware and Architecture Software Theoretical Computer Science