How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

B. Berry, “Teacherpreneurs: a bold brand of teacher leadership for 21st-century teaching and learning,” Science, vol. 340, no. 6130, pp. 309–310, Apr. 2013.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H. Zhu and J. Tromp, “Mapping tectonic deformation in the crust and upper mantle beneath Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean,” Science, vol. 341, no. 6148, pp. 871–875, Aug. 2013.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. A. Nowak, N. L. Komarova, and P. Niyogi, “Evolution of universal grammar,” Science, vol. 291, no. 5501, pp. 114–118, Jan. 2001.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

R. I. Kotz, R. Windhager, M. Dominkus, B. Robioneck, and H. Müller-Daniels, “A self-extending paediatric leg implant,” Nature, vol. 406, no. 6792, pp. 143–144, Jul. 2000.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Shamsuddin, Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

D. C. Thomasma, D. N. Weisstub, T. K. Kushner, and C. Viafora, Eds., Clinical Bioethics: A Search for the Foundations, vol. 26. in International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine, vol. 26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

R. Blattmann, “International Criminal Justice in Africa: Specific Procedural Aspects of the First Trial Judgment of the International Criminal Court,” in Africa and the International Criminal Court, G. Werle, L. Fernandez, and M. Vormbaum, Eds., The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2014, pp. 35–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, “Nocturnal Dung Beetles Use Different Celestial Cues Than Those Active In The Day,” IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Air Traffic Control: Observations on FAA’s Modernization Program,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, T-RCED/AIMD-98-93, Feb. 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J. M. Tuinenga, “John Corigliano’s Sonata for violin and piano: An analysis of context, structure, and style,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Kelly, “THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: Undeclared Candidate; Perot Stresses Homey Image, But the Image Is No Accident,” New York Times, p. A1, May 26, 1992.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0018-9294
Scope	Biomedical Engineering