How to format your references using the IEEE Signal Processing Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Signal Processing Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

N. Savage, “Algae: The scum solution,” Nature, vol. 474, no. 7352, pp. S15-6, Jun. 2011.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M. Zanetti and N. R. Mahadevan, “Cancer. Immune surveillance from chromosomal chaos?,” Science, vol. 337, no. 6102, pp. 1616–1617, Sep. 2012.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

H. Xin, Q. Liu, and B. Li, “Non-contact fiber-optical trapping of motile bacteria: dynamics observation and energy estimation,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 6576, Oct. 2014.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

H. Feng, M. Shuda, Y. Chang, and P. S. Moore, “Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma,” Science, vol. 319, no. 5866, pp. 1096–1100, Feb. 2008.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

H. K. Baker and G. S. Martin, Capital Structure and Corporate Financing Decisions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.

An edited book

[1]

T. J. Cleophas, Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G. Rehm and H. Uszkoreit, “O projektu META-NET,” in The Slovene Language in the Digital Age, G. Rehm and H. Uszkoreit, Eds., in White Paper Series. , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012, pp. 35–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “The Long Reach Of The Past: Did Prehistoric Humans Shape Today’s Ecosystems?,” IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Improved Planning and Management of Information Systems Development Needed,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, LCD-74-118, Aug. 1975.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R. Mirzalou, “Design and simulation of an 8-PSK super regenerative receiver with new phase detection technique,” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Shpigel, “Tampa Teams Fund Removal of Monument,” New York Times, p. B10, Aug. 17, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Signal Processing Letters
Abbreviation	IEEE Signal Process. Lett.
ISSN (print)	1070-9908
Scope	Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering Applied Mathematics