How to format your references using the IEEE Embedded Systems Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Embedded Systems Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

A. Abbott, “Funding fears spark Italian protests,” Nature, vol. 414, no. 6862, p. 384, Nov. 2001.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H. M. Birch and J. Clayton, “Cell biology: close-up on cell biology,” Nature, vol. 446, no. 7138, pp. 937–940, Apr. 2007.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

F. Pozzi, T. Di Matteo, and T. Aste, “Spread of risk across financial markets: better to invest in the peripheries,” Sci. Rep., vol. 3, p. 1665, 2013.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

G. Rümpker, T. Ryberg, G. Bock, and Desert Seismology Group, “Boundary-layer mantle flow under the Dead Sea transform fault inferred from seismic anisotropy,” Nature, vol. 425, no. 6957, pp. 497–501, Oct. 2003.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A. M. Simpkins and C. A. Simpkins, Meditation and Yoga in Psychotherapy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.

An edited book

[1]

V. R. Rajpal, S. R. Rao, and S. N. Raina, Eds., Molecular Breeding for Sustainable Crop Improvement: Volume 2, vol. 11. in Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol. 11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

R. Derynck, L. Choy, and T. Alliston, “Smads In Mesenchymal Differentiation,” in Smad Signal Transduction: Smads in Proliferation, Differentiation and Disease, P. T. Dijke and C.-H. Heldin, Eds., in Proteins and Cell Regulation. , Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006, pp. 93–112.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Embedded Systems Letters.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “Solving The Mysteries Behind Starling Flocks,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/solving-mysteries-behind-starling-flocks-0/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Award of Grant by the San Francisco Operations Office of the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration for the Energy Awareness Project,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, EMD-78-14, Oct. 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C. L. Millar, “Re-specting graffiti: Transgression at play in art, language, and ritual,” Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Paulson, “The Flea Makes a Big Move in TriBeCa,” New York Times, p. C8, Aug. 31, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Embedded Systems Letters
Abbreviation	IEEE Embed. Syst. Lett.
ISSN (print)	1943-0663
Scope	General Computer Science Control and Systems Engineering