How to format your references using the Hospital Chronicles (Nosokomiaka Chronica) citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hospital Chronicles (Nosokomiaka Chronica). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maxmen A. Three technologies that changed genetics. Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Finkelstein A, Taubman S. Health care policy. Randomize evaluations to improve health care delivery. Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):720–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Murakami KS, Masuda S, Darst SA. Structural basis of transcription initiation: RNA polymerase holoenzyme at 4 A resolution. Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1280–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chamot-Rooke J, Mikaty G, Malosse C, Soyer M, Dumont A, Gault J, et al. Posttranslational modification of pili upon cell contact triggers N. meningitidis dissemination. Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):778–82.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Biswas S, Ray P, Chakrabarti BK. Statistical Physics of Fracture, Breakdown, and Earthquake. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2015.

An edited book

Ribeiro PA, Raposo M, editors. Photoptics 2014: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology Revised Selected Papers. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XVIII, 164 p. 89 illus., 61 illus. in color. (Springer Proceedings in Physics; vol. 177).

A chapter in an edited book

Markwald RR, Ghatak S, Misra S, Moreno-Rodríguez RA, Sugi Y, Norris RA. Congenital Heart Disease: In Search of Remedial Etiologies. In: Nakanishi T, Markwald RR, Baldwin HS, Keller BB, Srivastava D, Yamagishi H, editors. Etiology and Morphogenesis of Congenital Heart Disease: From Gene Function and Cellular Interaction to Morphology. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2016. p. 33–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hospital Chronicles (Nosokomiaka Chronica).

Blog post

Andrew E. NASA Technology Saved Four Lives in Nepal Earthquake By Detecting Their Heartbeats [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/nasas-radar-technology-saved-four-lives-nepal-earthquake-disaster/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Getting the New Communities Program Started: Progress and Problems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1974 Nov. Report No.: B-170971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ademiluyi CA. Felony disenfranchisement and how it contributes to the Black electorate [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. Hit Show? No, but Close Enough. New York Times. 2017 May 14;B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Hospital Chronicles (Nosokomiaka Chronica)
ISSN (print)	1790-7306
Scope