How to format your references using the Hospital Chronicles (Nosokomiaka Chronica) citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hospital Chronicles (Nosokomiaka Chronica). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lloyd S. Enhanced sensitivity of photodetection via quantum illumination. Science. 2008 Sep 12;321(5895):1463–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yewdell JW, Ince WL. Virology. Frameshifting to PA-X influenza. Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):164–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gao G, Guo X, Goff SP. Inhibition of retroviral RNA production by ZAP, a CCCH-type zinc finger protein. Science. 2002 Sep 6;297(5587):1703–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Cury PM, Boyd IL, Bonhommeau S, Anker-Nilssen T, Crawford RJM, Furness RW, et al. Global seabird response to forage fish depletion--one-third for the birds. Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1703–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Monks RAG, Reed Lajoux A, LeBaron D. Corporate Valuation for Portfolio Investment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Mehdipour P, editor. Telomere Territory and Cancer. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. XX, 204 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Burgess EW. The Growth of the City: An Introduction to a Research Project. In: Marzluff JM, Shulenberger E, Endlicher W, Alberti M, Bradley G, Ryan C, et al., editors. Urban Ecology: An International Perspective on the Interaction Between Humans and Nature. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2008. p. 71–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hospital Chronicles (Nosokomiaka Chronica).

Blog post

Luntz S. Sexual Antagonism Helped Flies Beat DDT. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Special Education: More Flexible Spending Requirement Could Mitigate Unintended Consequences While Protecting Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015 Oct. Report No.: GAO-16-2.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nagarajan S. Migration, remittances, and household health: Evidence from South Africa [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. Where Everybody Knows Your Name (and Dad’s). New York Times. 2017 May 14;C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Hospital Chronicles (Nosokomiaka Chronica)
ISSN (print)	1790-7306
Scope