How to format your references using the Hepatology International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hepatology International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Sherwood S. Climate science: The Sun and the rain. Nature. 2015;528:200–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Solanki SK, Krivova NA. Astronomy. Analyzing solar cycles. Science. 2011;334:916–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Prins MW, Welters WJ, Weekamp JW. Fluid control in multichannel structures by electrocapillary pressure. Science. 2001;291:277–80.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Sun J, Yang D, Sun C, Liu L, Yang S, Alec Jia Y, et al. Potassium niobate nanolamina: a promising adsorbent for entrapment of radioactive cations from water. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7313.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Zneimer SM. Cytogenetic Abnormalities. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2014.

An edited book

1. Pandolfo I. Orthopantomography. Mazziotti S, editor. Milano: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Piña B, Boronat S, Casado M, Olivares A. Recombinant Yeast Assays and Gene Expression Assays for the Analysis of Endocrine Disruption. In: Barceló D, Hansen P-D, editors. Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring of Aquatic Systems: Bioanalytical and Chemical Methods for Endocrine Disruptors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 69–113.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hepatology International.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. SpaceX Successfully Lands Second Rocket On Barge [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/spacex-successfully-lands-second-rocket-barge/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Technology Transfer: Barriers Limit Royalty Sharing’s Effectiveness. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Dec. Report No.: RCED-93-6.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Farrell BM. Body composition changes and work-efficiency effects from diet modification and incorporation of an at-home exercise regimen [Doctoral dissertation]. [Cincinnati, OH]: University of Cincinnati; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Sisario B. Pentatonix Is No. 1; Michael’s Streams Soar. New York Times. 2016 Dec 27;C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Hepatology International
Abbreviation	Hepatol. Int.
ISSN (print)	1936-0533
ISSN (online)	1936-0541
Scope	Hepatology