How to format your references using the Hepatology International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hepatology International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Lester B. 2007 visualization challenge winners. Science. 2007;317:1858–63.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Martin SG, St Johnston D. A role for Drosophila LKB1 in anterior-posterior axis formation and epithelial polarity. Nature. 2003;421:379–84.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Wörsdörfer B, Woycechowsky KJ, Hilvert D. Directed evolution of a protein container. Science. 2011;331:589–92.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Seres J, Seres E, Landgraf B, Ecker B, Aurand B, Hoffmann A, et al. Parametric amplification of attosecond pulse trains at 11 nm. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4254.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Sheldrake AL. Handbook of Electrical Engineering. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

1. Pe’er J, Singh AD, editors. Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology: Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors. 2nd ed. 2014. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Ribes R, Iannarelli P, Duarte RF. Writing Scientific Correspondence. In: Iannarelli P, Duarte RF, editors. English for Biomedical Scientists. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 96–107.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hepatology International.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. This 2-Year-Old Has A Maniacal Solution To The Trolley Problem [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/this-2yearold-has-a-maniacal-solution-to-the-trolley-problem/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Planning Procedures for Computer Resources in the Department of the Interior. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977 Aug. Report No.: FGMSD-77-68.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Norton JC. Elementary ESL and General Education Co-Teachers’ Perceptions of Their Co-Teaching Roles: A Mixed Methods Study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hennessey S. Did Trump Violate His Oath of Office? New York Times. 2017 May 16;A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Hepatology International
Abbreviation	Hepatol. Int.
ISSN (print)	1936-0533
ISSN (online)	1936-0541
Scope	Hepatology