How to format your references using the Heart Failure Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart Failure Reviews. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Becchetti FD (2002) Nuclear fusion. Evidence for nuclear reactions in imploding bubbles. Science 295:1850

A journal article with 2 authors

Promislow DEL, Kaeberlein M (2014) Development. Chemical warfare in the battle of the sexes. Science 343:491–492

A journal article with 3 authors

Tripati AK, Roberts CD, Eagle RA (2009) Coupling of CO2 and ice sheet stability over major climate transitions of the last 20 million years. Science 326:1394–1397

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kim BN, Hiraga K, Morita K, Sakka Y (2001) A high-strain-rate superplastic ceramic. Nature 413:288–291

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Morales G, Kacher C (2015) Short Selling with the O’Neil Disciples. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Monkhouse A (2006) SCJD Exam with J2SE 5, Second Edition. Apress, Berkeley, CA

A chapter in an edited book

Vukotic A, Goodwill J (2011) Using Tomcat’s Manager Web Application. In: Goodwill J (ed) Apache Tomcat 7. Apress, Berkeley, CA, pp 73–94

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart Failure Reviews.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) This “Frankenstein” Galaxy Is Made Up Of Bits Of Other Galaxies. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/this-frankenstein-galaxy-is-made-up-of-bits-of-other-galaxies/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) Weather Forecasting: National Weather Service’s Operations Prototype Needs More Rigorous Planning. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huang Y (2017) Optimal control of heat engines in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly K, Davis JH (2017) Lawsuit Challenges the Secrecy of White House Advisers on Infrastructure. New York Times A10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart Failure Reviews
Abbreviation	Heart Fail. Rev.
ISSN (print)	1382-4147
ISSN (online)	1573-7322
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine