How to format your references using the Heart Failure Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart Failure Reviews. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buston P (2003) Social hierarchies: size and growth modification in clownfish. Nature 424:145–146

A journal article with 2 authors

Sarkies P, Miska EA (2013) Molecular biology. Is there social RNA? Science 341:467–468

A journal article with 3 authors

Matsunami H, Montmayeur JP, Buck LB (2000) A family of candidate taste receptors in human and mouse. Nature 404:601–604

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Broeckx BJG, Coopman F, Verhoeven GEC, et al (2014) Development and performance of a targeted whole exome sequencing enrichment kit for the dog (Canis Familiaris Build 3.1). Sci Rep 4:5597

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Snell RS, Lemp MA (1997) Clinical Anatomy of the Eye. Blackwell Science Ltd,., Oxford, UK

An edited book

Gornitzka Å, Kogan M, Amaral A (2005) Reform and Change in Higher Education: Analysing Policy Implementation. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Fells R, Prowse P (2016) Negotiations in the Workplace: Overcoming the Problem of Asymmetry. In: Elgoibar P, Euwema M, Munduate L (eds) Building Trust and Constructive Conflict Management in Organizations. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 75–92

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart Failure Reviews.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) First Collision In Most Powerful Particle Collider Ever. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/first-collision-most-powerful-particle-collider-ever/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Guaranteed Student Loans: Potential Default and Cost Reduction Options. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Khojandi N (2017) Investigating Secondary Infections and their Impact on Host Fitness in the Dictyostelium-Burkholderia Symbiosis System. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt MS, Mazzetti M, Apuzzo M (2017) Disputing Times Article About Inquiry Into Russia. New York Times A21

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart Failure Reviews
Abbreviation	Heart Fail. Rev.
ISSN (print)	1382-4147
ISSN (online)	1573-7322
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine