How to format your references using the Heart Failure Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart Failure Reviews. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wine JJ (2014) Medicine. Letting go of mucus. Science 345:730–731

A journal article with 2 authors

Campbell CT, Peden CHF (2005) Chemistry. Oxygen vacancies and catalysis on ceria surfaces. Science 309:713–714

A journal article with 3 authors

Legrand Y-M, van der Lee A, Barboiu M (2010) Single-crystal X-ray structure of 1,3-dimethylcyclobutadiene by confinement in a crystalline matrix. Science 329:299–302

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gentili D, Durso M, Bettini C, et al (2013) A time-temperature integrator based on fluorescent and polymorphic compounds. Sci Rep 3:2581

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Duchon C, Hale R (2012) Time Series Analysis in Meteorology and Climatology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Bonato A, Mitzenmacher M, Prałat P (2013) Algorithms and Models for the Web Graph: 10th International Workshop, WAW 2013, Cambridge, MA, USA, December 14-15, 2013, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Luepschen H, Leonhardt S, Putensen C (2010) Measuring Stroke Volume Using Electrical Impedance Tomography. In: Vincent J-L (ed) Intensive Care Medicine. Springer, New York, NY, pp 46–55

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart Failure Reviews.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2017) Time Crystals Are Now A Thing. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/time-crystals-are-now-a-thing/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010) Highway Trust Fund: Nearly All States Received More Funding Than They Contributed in Highway Taxes Since 2005. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liu T-WD (2003) Isolation and Characterization of pco-1, which Encodes a Regulatory Protein that Controls Purine Degradation in Neurospora crassa. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J (2016) What You’ll Be Reading in 2017. New York Times BR4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart Failure Reviews
Abbreviation	Heart Fail. Rev.
ISSN (print)	1382-4147
ISSN (online)	1573-7322
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine