How to format your references using the Hearing Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hearing Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Holmes, J.A., 2008. Ecology. How the Sahara became dry. Science 320, 752–753.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hager, R., Johnstone, R.A., 2003. The genetic basis of family conflict resolution in mice. Nature 421, 533–535.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tanner, C., Manca, C., Leutwyler, S., 2003. Probing the threshold to H atom transfer along a hydrogen-bonded ammonia wire. Science 302, 1736–1739.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fryxell, J.M., Mosser, A., Sinclair, A.R.E., Packer, C., 2007. Group formation stabilizes predator-prey dynamics. Nature 449, 1041–1043.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hey, E., 2011. Neonatal Formulary 6. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Merkel, B., Schipek, M. (Eds.), 2012. The New Uranium Mining Boom: Challenge and Lessons learned, 1st ed, Springer Geology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Atluri, V., Shin, H., 2007. Efficient Security Policy Enforcement in a Location Based Service Environment, in: Barker, S., Ahn, G.-J. (Eds.), Data and Applications Security XXI: 21st Annual IFIP WG 11.3 Working Conference on Data and Applications Security, Redondo Beach, CA, USA, July 8-11, 2007. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 61–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hearing Research.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2016. First “Baby Dragon” Hatches Inside Ancient Slovenian Cave [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/first-baby-dragon-hatches-inside-its-ancient-slovenian-cave/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1999. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Update on the Readiness of the Social Security Administration (No. T-AIMD-99-90). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ahlert, D., 2015. Application of Graph Theoretic Clustering on Some Biomedical Data Sets (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly, E., 1998. Needles Click to a Younger Beat. New York Times 144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Holmes, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Hager and Johnstone, 2003; Holmes, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hager and Johnstone, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Fryxell et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Hearing Research
Abbreviation	Hear. Res.
ISSN (print)	0378-5955
Scope	Sensory Systems