How to format your references using the Hearing Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hearing Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Charo, R.A., 2015. SCIENCE AND GOVERNMENT. Yellow lights for emerging technologies. Science 349, 384–385.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tissenbaum, H.A., Guarente, L., 2001. Increased dosage of a sir-2 gene extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 410, 227–230.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mili, S., Moissoglu, K., Macara, I.G., 2008. Genome-wide screen reveals APC-associated RNAs enriched in cell protrusions. Nature 453, 115–119.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ren, D., Labandeira, C.C., Santiago-Blay, J.A., Rasnitsyn, A., Shih, C., Bashkuev, A., Logan, M.A.V., Hotton, C.L., Dilcher, D., 2009. A probable pollination mode before angiosperms: Eurasian, long-proboscid scorpionflies. Science 326, 840–847.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hasslacher, C., Böhm, S., 2005. Diabetes and the Kidney. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Ulivi, P., 2007. Robotic Exploration of the Solar System: Part 1: The Golden Age 1957–1982, Springer Praxis Books. Praxis, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Bretos, I., Calzada, M.L., 2011. Approaches Towards the Minimisation of Toxicity in Chemical Solution Deposition Processes of Lead-Based Ferroelectric Thin Films, in: Ricote, J. (Ed.), Multifunctional Polycrystalline Ferroelectric Materials: Processing and Properties, Springer Series in Materials Science. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 145–216.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hearing Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. New Display Technology Could Do Away With Reading Glasses [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/new-display-technology-could-do-away-reading-glasses/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1971. Multiyear Leasing and Government-Wide Purchasing of Automatic Data Processing Equipment Should Result in Significant Savings (No. B-115369). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Edwards, C.D., 2010. Migration: Lighting to evoke human responses (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K., 2003. For Homeless Families, A Tiring Trek to School. New York Times 145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Charo, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Charo, 2015; Tissenbaum and Guarente, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tissenbaum and Guarente, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Ren et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Hearing Research
Abbreviation	Hear. Res.
ISSN (print)	0378-5955
Scope	Sensory Systems