How to format your references using the Hearing Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hearing Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Venema, L., 2000. Fathers of electronic revolution are rewarded. Nature 407, 662.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lee, S.W.S., Schwarz, N., 2010. Washing away postdecisional dissonance. Science 328, 709.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vivier, E., Nunès, J.A., Vély, F., 2004. Natural killer cell signaling pathways. Science 306, 1517–1519.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Grigg, M.E., Bonnefoy, S., Hehl, A.B., Suzuki, Y., Boothroyd, J.C., 2001. Success and virulence in Toxoplasma as the result of sexual recombination between two distinct ancestries. Science 294, 161–165.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McAulay, A.D., 2011. Military Laser Technology for Defense. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Formaggia, L., Quarteroni, A., Veneziani, A. (Eds.), 2009. Cardiovascular Mathematics: Modeling and simulation of the circulatory system, MS&A. Springer, Milano.

A chapter in an edited book

Sen, K., 2011. DART: Directed Automated Random Testing, in: Namjoshi, K., Zeller, A., Ziv, A. (Eds.), Hardware and Software: Verification and Testing: 5th International Haifa Verification Conference, HVC 2009, Haifa, Israel, October 19-22, 2009, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 4–4.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hearing Research.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2015. The Annual Ozone Hole Over Antarctica Formed Larger And Later In 2015 [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/annual-ozone-hole-over-antarctica-formed-larger-and-later-2015/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2007. Digital Television Transition: Increased Federal Planning and Risk Management Could Further Facilitate the DTV Transition (No. GAO-08-43). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dammann, N.M., 2009. Living in the edge: Community based governance in the aquatic terrestrial zone (Doctoral dissertation). Columbia University, New York, NY.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sanger, D.E., Schmitt, E., Hubbard, B., 2017. Trump Ends Covert Aid to Syrian Rebels Trying to Oust Assad. New York Times A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Venema, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Lee and Schwarz, 2010; Venema, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lee and Schwarz, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Grigg et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Hearing Research
Abbreviation	Hear. Res.
ISSN (print)	0378-5955
Scope	Sensory Systems