How to format your references using the Healthcare Management Forum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Healthcare Management Forum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Randolph GJ. Immunology. No need to coax monocytes. Science. 2011;332(6035):1268-1269.

A journal article with 2 authors

Smith G, Yard J. Quantum communication with zero-capacity channels. Science. 2008;321(5897):1812-1815.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhuang J, Yu GR, Nakayama K. A series RCL circuit theory for analyzing non-steady-state water uptake of maize plants. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6720.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Follows MJ, Dutkiewicz S, Grant S, Chisholm SW. Emergent biogeography of microbial communities in a model ocean. Science. 2007;315(5820):1843-1846.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Li F. Developing Chemical Information Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

Alpini DC, Brugnoni G, Cesarani A, eds. Whiplash Injuries: Diagnosis and Treatment. 2nd ed. 2014. Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Alvim MS, Andrés ME, Palamidessi C, van Rossum P. Safe Equivalences for Security Properties. In: Calude CS, Sassone V, eds. Theoretical Computer Science: 6th IFIP TC 1/WG 2.2 International Conference, TCS 2010, Held as Part of WCC 2010, Brisbane, Australia, September 20-23, 2010. Proceedings. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Springer; 2010:55-70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Healthcare Management Forum.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. China Wants To Build A Space Plane That Can Carry 20 People To Space. IFLScience. October 5, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/china-wants-to-build-a-space-plane-that-can-carry-20-people-to-space/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Weather Forecasting: Recommendations to Address New Weather Processing System Development Risks. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Caltrider CS. Critical Pedagogy Unit of Ceramics Instruction: Fostering Civic Engagement in California High School Students. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Southall A. Makeover Set for Police Building at Heart of a Sleeker Times Sq. New York Times. February 18, 2016:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Healthcare Management Forum
Abbreviation	Healthc. Manage. Forum
ISSN (print)	0840-4704
Scope	Health Policy