How to format your references using the Healthcare Management Forum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Healthcare Management Forum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Caldecott KW. Cell signaling. The BRCT domain: signaling with friends? Science. 2003;302(5645):579-580.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fisher B, Costanza R. Environmental policy: regional commitment to reducing emissions. Nature. 2005;438(7066):301-302.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hess KL, Corda CJ, Lanese KM. SPORE series winner. Science Buddies: advancing informal science education. Science. 2011;332(6029):550-551.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Du J, Cheng F, Wang S, Zhang T, Chen J. M(salen)-derived nitrogen-doped M/C (M = Fe, Co, Ni) porous nanocomposites for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4386.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fernandes R. Local and Regional Flaps in Head & Neck Reconstruction. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Ainscough J, Yamanaka S, Tada T, eds. Nuclear Reprogramming and Stem Cells. Humana Press; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Erozan YS, Ramzy I. Respiratory Infections. In: Ramzy I, ed. Pulmonary Cytopathology. Essentials in Cytopathology. Springer US; 2014:53-85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Healthcare Management Forum.

Blog post

Davis J. Tracking Tiger Sharks Reveals Bird-Like Migration. IFLScience. June 10, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/tracking-tiger-sharks-reveals-bird-migration/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Need for Additional Internal Audit Coverage in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kalafut AJ. Proactive Cyberfraud Detection through Infrastructure Analysis. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yablonsky L. A Vote for Small. New York Times. September 2, 2012:ST3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Healthcare Management Forum
Abbreviation	Healthc. Manage. Forum
ISSN (print)	0840-4704
Scope	Health Policy