How to format your references using the Health Technology Assessment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Health Technology Assessment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gitlin JD. Plant science. Distributing nutrition. Science 2006;314:1252–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ. An outlook on microalgal biofuels. Science 2010;329:796–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Maskus KE, Mobarak AM, Stuen ET. Economics. Doctoral students and U.S. immigration policy. Science 2013;342:562–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Carlson CM, Endrizzi BT, Wu J, Ding X, Weinreich MA, Walsh ER, et al. Kruppel-like factor 2 regulates thymocyte and T-cell migration. Nature 2006;442:299–302.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lyatkher VM. Seismic Loads. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

Seliger G, editor. Sustainability in Manufacturing: Recovery of Resources in Product and Material Cycles. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Regolin L, Daisley JN, Rosa Salva O, Vallortigara G. Advantages of a Lateralised Brain for Reasoning About the Social World in Chicks. In: Csermely D, Regolin L, editors. Behavioral Lateralization in Vertebrates: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 39–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Health Technology Assessment.

Blog post

Andrew D. 11 Key Findings From One Of The Most Comprehensive Reports Ever On The Health Effects Of Marijuana. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Report to the Secretary, HEW, on the National Direct Student Loan Delinquency Rate. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Polderman MC. Textile Factories and Subsistence Plots: Rural Women’s Livelihoods and Unique Transition Experiences in Bulgaria. Doctoral dissertation, Columbus, OH: Ohio State University; 2006; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. Revenue Jumps at Netflix As It Plans Spending Spree. New York Times 2017:B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Health Technology Assessment
Abbreviation	Health Technol. Assess.
ISSN (print)	1366-5278
ISSN (online)	2046-4924
Scope	Health Policy