How to format your references using the Health Technology Assessment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Health Technology Assessment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stocum DL. Developmental biology. Acceptable nAGging. Science 2007;318:754–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kaspi Y, Schneider T. Winter cold of eastern continental boundaries induced by warm ocean waters. Nature 2011;471:621–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sereno MI, Pitzalis S, Martinez A. Mapping of contralateral space in retinotopic coordinates by a parietal cortical area in humans. Science 2001;294:1350–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Youngblood B, Hale JS, Kissick HT, Ahn E, Xu X, Wieland A, et al. Effector CD8 T cells dedifferentiate into long-lived memory cells. Nature 2017;552:404–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bachmutsky A. System Design for Telecommunication Gateways. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

Panofsky WKH, Deken JM, editors. Panofsky on Physics, Politics, and Peace: Pief Remembers. New York, NY: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Nafz F, Steghöfer J-P, Seebach H, Reif W. Formal Modeling and Verification of Self-* Systems Based on Observer/Controller-Architectures. In: Cámara J, Lemos R de, Ghezzi C, Lopes A, editors. Assurances for Self-Adaptive Systems: Principles, Models, and Techniques. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 80–111.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Health Technology Assessment.

Blog post

Andrew E. New Horizons Spacecraft Captures Pluto And Charon’s Orbital Dance. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015. URL: https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-horizons-spacecraft-captures-pluto-and-charons-orbital-dance/ (Accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Exploration: Cost, Schedule, and Performance of NASA’s Magellan Mission to Venus. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

White J. Support group for family caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach; 2014; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bilefsky D. Royal Retirement at 95 Halts Frenzied Rumors. New York Times 2017:A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Health Technology Assessment
Abbreviation	Health Technol. Assess.
ISSN (print)	1366-5278
ISSN (online)	2046-4924
Scope	Health Policy