How to format your references using the Health Technology Assessment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Health Technology Assessment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Williams KA. Three-dimensional structure of the ion-coupled transport protein NhaA. Nature 2000;403:112–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ueba H, Wolf M. Chemistry. Lateral hopping requires molecular rocking. Science 2005;310:1774–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Elia AEH, Cantley LC, Yaffe MB. Proteomic screen finds pSer/pThr-binding domain localizing Plk1 to mitotic substrates. Science 2003;299:1228–31.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rom T, Best T, van Oosten D, Schneider U, Fölling S, Paredes B, et al. Free fermion antibunching in a degenerate atomic Fermi gas released from an optical lattice. Nature 2006;444:733–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hunter DA. A Practical Guide to Critical Thinking. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Ghetti F, Checcucci G, Bornman JF, editors. Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models Pisa, Italy June 2001. vol. 57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Khare S, Katre P, Galande S. Epigenetic Regulation of Islet Development and Regeneration. In: A. Hardikar A, editor. Pancreatic Islet Biology. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 83–109.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Health Technology Assessment.

Blog post

Andrew E. Lunar Dynamo May Have Generated The Moon’s Ancient Magnetic Field. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014. URL: https://www.iflscience.com/space/lunar-dynamo-may-have-generated-moon-s-ancient-magnetic-field/ (Accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Payments for Independent Research and Development and Bid and Proposal Costs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Forshey TM. Neural basis of the neurological diagnostic power of vibrotactile sensory testing. Doctoral dissertation, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina; 2013; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Staying Focused On Diversity Goals In Harder Times. New York Times 2003:G2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Health Technology Assessment
Abbreviation	Health Technol. Assess.
ISSN (print)	1366-5278
ISSN (online)	2046-4924
Scope	Health Policy