How to format your references using the Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Carlson, E.W.: Condensed-matter physics: Charge topology in superconductors. Nature. 525, 329–330 (2015)

A journal article with 2 authors

Beroza, G.C., Ide, S.: Geophysics. Deep tremors and slow quakes. Science. 324, 1025–1026 (2009)

A journal article with 3 authors

Wise, C., Pawlyn, M., Braungart, M.: Eco-engineering: Living in a materials world. Nature. 494, 172–175 (2013)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Greilich, A., Yakovlev, D.R., Shabaev, A., Efros, A.L., Yugova, I.A., Oulton, R., Stavarache, V., Reuter, D., Wieck, A., Bayer, M.: Mode locking of electron spin coherences in singly charged quantum dots. Science. 313, 341–345 (2006)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Choi, N.-E., Han, J.H.: How Flavor Works. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2015)

An edited book

Scott-Conner, C.E.H. ed: Chassin’s Operative Strategy in Esophageal Surgery. Springer, New York, NY (2006)

A chapter in an edited book

Olsen, R.A., Juurlink, L.B.F.: Hydrogen Dissociation on Stepped Pt Surfaces. In: Díez Muiño, R. and Busnengo, H.F. (eds.) Dynamics of Gas-Surface Interactions: Atomic-level Understanding of Scattering Processes at Surfaces. pp. 101–129. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology.

Blog post

Fang, J.: Single Shot Could Replace Spaying And Neutering

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Education and Employment Issue Area: Active Assignments. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1996)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ahmadi, S.A.: Synergistic interplay between math search and handwritten mathematical notation recognition, (2009)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L.: Supreme Court to Weigh Award in a Smoker’s Death, (2006)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Carlson 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Beroza and Ide 2009; Carlson 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Beroza and Ide 2009)
Three or more authors: (Greilich et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology
Abbreviation	Health Serv. Outcomes Res. Methodol.
ISSN (print)	1387-3741
ISSN (online)	1572-9400
Scope	Health Policy Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health