How to format your references using the Health Equity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Health Equity (HEQ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kleiner K. Crunch time for New Jersey lab. Nature 2006;440(7088):1111.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lum L, Clevers H. Cell biology. The unusual case of Porcupine. Science 2012;337(6097):922–923.

A journal article with 3 authors

Spinner M, Westhoff G, Gorb SN. Subdigital setae of chameleon feet: friction-enhancing microstructures for a wide range of substrate roughness. Sci Rep 2014;4:5481.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Malajovich I, Berry JJ, Samarth N, et al. Persistent sourcing of coherent spins for multifunctional semiconductor spintronics. Nature 2001;411(6839):770–772.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

American Counseling Association. The ACA Encyclopedia of Counseling. American Counseling Association: Alexandria, VA, USA; 2015.

An edited book

Shackelford TK, Hansen RD, (eds). The Evolution of Sexuality. Evolutionary Psychology. Springer International Publishing: Cham; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Pacelli V. The Case Study of Lehman Brothers. In: Managing Reputation in The Banking Industry: Theory and Practice. (Dell’Atti S, Trotta A. eds) Springer International Publishing: Cham; 2016; pp. 101–119.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Health Equity.

Blog post

Hale T. Watch Two Of Australia’s Most Infamous Snakes Go Head-To-Head In A Battle To The Death. IFLScience; 2017. [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Charter Schools: Oversight Practices in the District of Columbia. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ulaganathan MN. Building a Volunteered Geographic Information System (VGIS): A Mobile Application for Disaster Management. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. The Roberts Court, Version 4.0. New York Times 2010;WK10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Health Equity
ISSN (online)	2473-1242
Scope