How to format your references using the Headache citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Headache. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goebel T. Anthropology. The missing years for modern humans. Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):194–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Scher HD, Martin EE. Timing and climatic consequences of the opening of Drake Passage. Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):428–30.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gonzales EB, Kawate T, Gouaux E. Pore architecture and ion sites in acid-sensing ion channels and P2X receptors. Nature. 2009 Jul 30;460(7255):599–604.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Corrège T, Gagan MK, Beck JW, Burr GS, Cabioch G, Le Cornec F. Interdecadal variation in the extent of South Pacific tropical waters during the Younger Dryas event. Nature. 2004 Apr 29;428(6986):927–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bartley T. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Cancer. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Todd KH, Thomas CR Jr, editors. Oncologic Emergency Medicine: Principles and Practice. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XXI, 538 p. 178 illus., 112 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Yajima N, Imamura T, Izutsu N, Abe T. Planetary Ballooning. In: Imamura T, Izutsu N, Yajima N, editors. Scientific Ballooning: Technology and Applications of Exploration Balloons Floating in the Stratosphere and the Atmospheres of Other Planets. New York, NY: Springer; 2009. p. 173–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Headache.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Help Kickstart More Science On The Most Mysterious Star In The Galaxy [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/help-kickstart-more-science-on-the-most-mysterious-star-in-the-galaxy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Department of Education: Improved Oversight and Controls Could Help Education Better Respond to Evolving Priorities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 Feb. Report No.: GAO-11-194.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kelly EJ. What experiences create and nurture a love of science? [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee L. Art You Can Live With. New York Times. 2013 Oct 24;D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Headache
Abbreviation	Headache
ISSN (print)	0017-8748
ISSN (online)	1526-4610
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology