How to format your references using the Headache citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Headache. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Killian TC. Ultracold neutral plasmas. Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):705–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jing Z, Wu L. Intensified diapycnal mixing in the midlatitude western boundary currents. Sci Rep. 2014 Dec 10;4:7412.

A journal article with 3 authors

Victor DG, Gerlagh R, Baiocchi G. Climate policy. Getting serious about categorizing countries. Science. 2014 Jul 4;345(6192):34–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Goedert J, Lécuyer C, Amiot R, Arnaud-Godet F, Wang X, Cui L, et al. Euryhaline ecology of early tetrapods revealed by stable isotopes. Nature. 2018 Jun;558(7708):68–72.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Forshaw M. Understanding Headaches and Migraines. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Elewa AMT, editor. Migration of Organisms: Climate Geography Ecology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. XIV, 332 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Dotz AD. A Pilot of 3D Printing of Medical Devices in Haiti. In: Hostettler S, Hazboun E, Bolay JC, editors. Technologies for Development: What is Essential? Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 33–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Headache.

Blog post

Andrew E. Watch As Great White Shark Steals Bag of Chum From Boat [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/watch-great-white-shark-steals-bag-chum-boat/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Joint Strike Fighter Acquisition: Development Schedule Should Be Changed to Reduce Risks. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000 Mar. Report No.: T-NSIAD-00-132.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Keep AW. A nanopass framework for commercial compiler development [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. Strictly (Upscale) Takeout. New York Times. 2008 Dec 7;NJ15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Headache
Abbreviation	Headache
ISSN (print)	0017-8748
ISSN (online)	1526-4610
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology