How to format your references using the Headache citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Headache. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tsao D. Eppendorf 2006 winner. A dedicated system for processing faces. Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):72–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Norvell A, McMahon SB. Cell biology. Rise of the rival. Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):964–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fearon DT, Manders P, Wagner SD. Arrested differentiation, the self-renewing memory lymphocyte, and vaccination. Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):248–50.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gegenwart P, Westerkamp T, Krellner C, Tokiwa Y, Paschen S, Geibel C, et al. Multiple energy scales at a quantum critical point. Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):969–71.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shamah S. A Currency Options Primer. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2004.

An edited book

Resch M, Benkert K, Wang X, Galle M, Bez W, Kobayashi H, et al., editors. High Performance Computing on Vector Systems 2010. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. XII, 198 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Jin C, Morita CT. Chemokine biology of NK cells and γδ T cells. In: Moser B, Letts GL, Neote K, editors. Chemokine Biology — Basic Research and Clinical Application: Volume I: Immunobiology of Chemokines. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2006. p. 59–78. (Progress in Inflammation Research).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Headache.

Blog post

Andrew E. It Turns Out There’s Truth To ‘Dead Battery Bounce’ After All [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/it-turns-out-there-s-truth-dead-battery-bounce-after-all/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Army ADP: Prevalence of Fourth Quarter Obligations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Dec. Report No.: IMTEC-91-12.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stuehling AL. “We Speak ‘Hola’ In School”: A Case Study of Global Education in a Partial-Immersion Spanish Preschool [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Doran M. A Trump Plan for the Middle East? New York Times. 2017 May 19;A29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Headache
Abbreviation	Headache
ISSN (print)	0017-8748
ISSN (online)	1526-4610
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology