How to format your references using the Harmful Algae citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Harmful Algae. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bohannon, J., 2010. The Gonzo Scientist. Galileo in Senegal. Science 328, 296.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rakoff-Nahoum, S., Comstock, L.E., 2014. Immunology: Starve a fever, feed the microbiota. Nature 514, 576–577.

A journal article with 3 authors

Croxall, J.P., Trathan, P.N., Murphy, E.J., 2002. Environmental change and Antarctic seabird populations. Science 297, 1510–1514.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Konstantatos, G., Howard, I., Fischer, A., Hoogland, S., Clifford, J., Klem, E., Levina, L., Sargent, E.H., 2006. Ultrasensitive solution-cast quantum dot photodetectors. Nature 442, 180–183.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Blanchet, G., Charbit, M., 2015. Digital Signal and Image Processing Using MATLAB®. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Grady, L.J., 2010. Discrete Calculus: Applied Analysis on Graphs for Computational Science. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Tilkemeier, P.L., 2016. The Complexity of the Non-invasive Cardiac Imaging Process, in: Tilkemeier, P.L., Hendel, R.C., Heller, G.V., Case, J.A. (Eds.), Quality Evaluation in Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Imaging. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 29–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Harmful Algae.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. These Cute Sea Slugs Are The Sheep Of The Sea [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/these-cute-sea-slugs-are-sheep-sea/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1991. Test and Evaluation: Description of Projects in DOD’s Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (No. NSIAD-91-111S). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tseng, Y.H.-H., 2008. Motivation of participation in inservice training based on problem solving: A modified Delphi study (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M., 1992. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: Undeclared Candidate; Perot Shifts on Homosexuals in Military. New York Times A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bohannon, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Bohannon, 2010; Rakoff-Nahoum and Comstock, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rakoff-Nahoum and Comstock, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Konstantatos et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Harmful Algae
Abbreviation	Harmful Algae
ISSN (print)	1568-9883
Scope	Aquatic Science Plant Science