How to format your references using the Harmful Algae citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Harmful Algae. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kerr, R.A., 2000. EARTH SCIENCE: Did Volcanoes Drive Ancient Extinctions? Science 289, 1130–1131.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mackenzie, A.P., Grigera, S.A., 2005. Physics. A quantum critical route to field-induced superconductivity. Science 309, 1330–1331.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rohr, R.P., Saavedra, S., Bascompte, J., 2014. Ecological networks. On the structural stability of mutualistic systems. Science 345, 1253497.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mu, J., Duan, J., Makova, K.D., Joy, D.A., Huynh, C.Q., Branch, O.H., Li, W.-H., Su, X.-Z., 2002. Chromosome-wide SNPs reveal an ancient origin for Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 418, 323–326.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Holloway, M., Nwaoha, C., 2012. Dictionary of Industrial Terms. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Andrews, P.S., Timmis, J., Owens, N.D.L., Aickelin, U., Hart, E., Hone, A., Tyrrell, A.M. (Eds.), 2009. Artificial Immune Systems: 8th International Conference, ICARIS 2009, York, UK, August 9-12, 2009. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Saakov, V.S., Drapkin, V.Z., Krivchenko, A.I., Rozengart, E.V., Bogachev, Y.V., Knyazev, M.N., 2013. EPR Spectroscopy for Solution of Some Scientific Real-World Problems in Biology, Medicine and Ecology, in: Drapkin, V.Z., Krivchenko, A.I., Rozengart, E.V., Bogachev, Y.V., Knyazev, M.N. (Eds.), Derivative Spectrophotometry and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy for Ecological and Biological Questions. Springer, Vienna, pp. 301–348.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Harmful Algae.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. What Exactly Is Happening When Your Knuckles Crack? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-finally-figure-out-what-happens-when-you-crack-your-knuckles/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1991. Federal Research: SEMATECH’s Efforts to Develop and Transfer Manufacturing Technology (No. RCED-91-139FS). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Laffitte, L., 2012. A Comparison of Pull-Out and Co-Teaching Models on the Reading Performance of Third through Fifth Grade Elementary Students with a Diagnosed Specific Learning Disability in Reading (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kaag, J., 2017. Cosmic Explorer. New York Times BR13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kerr, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Kerr, 2000; Mackenzie and Grigera, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mackenzie and Grigera, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Mu et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Harmful Algae
Abbreviation	Harmful Algae
ISSN (print)	1568-9883
Scope	Aquatic Science Plant Science