How to format your references using the Harmful Algae citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Harmful Algae. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Owens, B., 2015. Drug development: The treasure chest. Nature 525, S6-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Du, J.-L., Poo, M.-M., 2004. Rapid BDNF-induced retrograde synaptic modification in a developing retinotectal system. Nature 429, 878–883.

A journal article with 3 authors

Baum, P., Yang, D.-S., Zewail, A.H., 2007. 4D visualization of transitional structures in phase transformations by electron diffraction. Science 318, 788–792.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Herzing, A.A., Kiely, C.J., Carley, A.F., Landon, P., Hutchings, G.J., 2008. Identification of active gold nanoclusters on iron oxide supports for CO oxidation. Science 321, 1331–1335.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hu, W., 2015. Fundamental Spacecraft Dynamics and Control. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Casario, M., 2009. The Essential Guide to Flash CS4 AIR Development. Apress, Berkeley, CA.

A chapter in an edited book

da Veiga, L.B., Lipnikov, K., Manzini, G., 2014. The diffusion problem in mixed form, in: Lipnikov, K., Manzini, G. (Eds.), The Mimetic Finite Difference Method for Elliptic Problems. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 117–154.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Harmful Algae.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2014. Meltwater Moves A Bridge Too Far [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/meltwater-moves-bridge-too-far/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1977. The Legality of the Release of Construction Grant Funds by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare for the University of California’s Proposed School of Dentistry (No. B-164031(5).43). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gjelaj Merturi, E., 2010. The Perceptions of Principal-Based Leadership Practices on Student Reading Achievement (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L., 2006. Justices Grant Death Row Inmate a New Hearing in 1985 Tennessee Murder. New York Times A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Owens, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Du and Poo, 2004; Owens, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Du and Poo, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Herzing et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Harmful Algae
Abbreviation	Harmful Algae
ISSN (print)	1568-9883
Scope	Aquatic Science Plant Science