How to format your references using the Harmful Algae citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Harmful Algae. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Piattelli-Palmarini, M., 2002. Grammar: the barest essentials. Nature 416, 129.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cyranoski, D., Chou, I.-H., 2004. Winds of change blow away the cobwebs on campus. Nature 429, 210–214.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kinnunen, J., Rodríguez, M., Törmä, P., 2004. Pairing gap and in-gap excitations in trapped fermionic superfluids. Science 305, 1131–1133.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bonacci, T.M., Mathews, J.L., Yuan, C., Lehmann, D.M., Malik, S., Wu, D., Font, J.L., Bidlack, J.M., Smrcka, A.V., 2006. Differential targeting of Gbetagamma-subunit signaling with small molecules. Science 312, 443–446.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hitz, B., Ewing, J.J., Hecht, J., 2005. Introduction to Laser Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Bonfiglio, A., De Rossi, D. (Eds.), 2011. Wearable Monitoring Systems. Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Hirschfeld, J.W.P., Thas, J.A., 2016. Veronese and Segre varieties, in: Thas, J.A. (Ed.), General Galois Geometries, Springer Monographs in Mathematics. Springer, London, pp. 143–221.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Harmful Algae.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. First Flight Test Today For NASA’s Newest Partner [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/first-flight-test-today-nasas-newest-partner-edited-ma/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1998. Medicare: Impact of Changing Transportation Policy for Portable Equipment Is Uncertain (No. HEHS-98-82). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rhode, J.F., 2008. Interaction equivalency in self-paced online learning environments: An exploration of learner preferences (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M., 2011. New Pose On the Mat: The Sleuth. New York Times MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Piattelli-Palmarini, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Cyranoski and Chou, 2004; Piattelli-Palmarini, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cyranoski and Chou, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Bonacci et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Harmful Algae
Abbreviation	Harmful Algae
ISSN (print)	1568-9883
Scope	Aquatic Science Plant Science