How to format your references using the HardwareX citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for HardwareX. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

W. Masocha, Paclitaxel-induced hyposensitivity to nociceptive chemical stimulation in mice can be prevented by treatment with minocycline, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6719.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C. Kopec, R. Malinow, Neuroscience. Matters of size, Science. 314 (2006) 1554–1555.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T. Iwasawa, R.J. Hooley, J. Rebek Jr, Stabilization of labile carbonyl addition intermediates by a synthetic receptor, Science. 317 (2007) 493–496.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

P. Tian, D. Keusters, Y. Suzaki, W.S. Warren, Femtosecond phase-coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy, Science. 300 (2003) 1553–1555.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T. Natsuno, i-Mode Strategy, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2005.

An edited book

[1]

J.J.M. Ferreira, M. Raposo, R. Rutten, A. Varga, eds., Cooperation, Clusters, and Knowledge Transfer: Universities and Firms Towards Regional Competitiveness, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

L. Bettini, F. Damiani, M. De Luca, K. Geilmann, J. Schäfer, A Calculus for Boxes and Traits in a Java-Like Setting, in: D. Clarke, G. Agha (Eds.), Coordination Models and Languages: 12th International Conference, COORDINATION 2010, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 7-9, 2010. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010: pp. 46–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for HardwareX.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, Beijing Creates Anti-Smog Police To Tackle Air Polluters, IFLScience. (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/beijing-creates-antismog-police-tackle-air-polluters/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Surface Infrastructure: High-Speed Rail Projects in the United States, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K.C. Verdi, What Does It Mean to Be a Service-Learning Teacher? - An Autoethnography, Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

E. St. John Kelly, CHILDREN’S BOOKS, New York Times. (1994) 732.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	HardwareX
Abbreviation	HardwareX
ISSN (print)	2468-0672
Scope

Research and Writing Guides