How to format your references using the HardwareX citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for HardwareX. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

H. Nakano, Survey of the Japanese coast reveals abundant placozoan populations in the Northern Pacific Ocean, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5356.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M. Vendruscolo, C.M. Dobson, Structural biology. Dynamic visions of enzymatic reactions, Science 313 (2006) 1586–1587.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J. Kozloski, F. Hamzei-Sichani, R. Yuste, Stereotyped position of local synaptic targets in neocortex, Science 293 (2001) 868–872.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Y. Yamazaki, Y. Hirai, K. Miyake, T. Shimada, Targeted gene transfer into ependymal cells through intraventricular injection of AAV1 vector and long-term enzyme replacement via the CSF, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5506.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

V.J. Urick Jr, J.D. Mckinney, K.J. Williams, FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROWAVE PHOTONICS, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

S. Loue, ed., Mental Health Practitioner’s Guide to HIV/AIDS, Springer, New York, NY, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

L. Perotti, M. Lasagna, P. Clemente, G.A. Dino, D.A. De Luca, Remote Sensing and Hydrogeological Methodologies for Irrigation Canal Water Losses Detection: The Naviglio di Bra Test Site (NW-Italy), in: G. Lollino, M. Arattano, M. Rinaldi, O. Giustolisi, J.-C. Marechal, G.E. Grant (Eds.), Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 3: River Basins, Reservoir Sedimentation and Water Resources, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015: pp. 19–22.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for HardwareX.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, This Technique Could Detect Radiation Up To 1 Kilometer Away, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/physics/this-technique-could-detect-radiation-up-to-1-kilometer-away-/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Aviation Security: Development of New Security Technology Has Not Met Expectations, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

N. Nersessian, Modified gravity with scale invariance and implications, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

K. Feeney, Always on Offer: Fresh Fish, a Relaxed Vibe, New York Times (2010) NJ5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	HardwareX
Abbreviation	HardwareX
ISSN (print)	2468-0672
Scope