How to format your references using the HardwareX citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for HardwareX. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J.M. Tranquada, Physics. Cuprates get orders to charge, Science 337 (2012) 811–812.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

T. Kleinteich, S.N. Gorb, Tongue adhesion in the horned frog Ceratophrys sp, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5225.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J.N. Rao, Y. Madasu, R. Dominguez, Mechanism of actin filament pointed-end capping by tropomodulin, Science 345 (2014) 463–467.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S. Sharghi-Namini, E. Tan, L.-L.S. Ong, R. Ge, H.H. Asada, Dll4-containing exosomes induce capillary sprout retraction in a 3D microenvironment, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4031.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T. Maudlin, Quantum Non-Locality and Relativity, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

B. Dimitrijević, ed., Innovations for Sustainable Building Design and Refurbishment in Scotland: The Outputs of CIC Start Online Project, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E.T. Baran, R.L. Reis, Biomimetic Approach to Drug Delivery and Optimization of Nanocarrier Systems, in: M.R. Mozafari (Ed.), Nanocarrier Technologies: Frontiers of Nanotherapy, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2006: pp. 75–86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for HardwareX.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Learning To Drink Is Hard Work- Who’d Have Trunk It?, IFLScience (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Propriety of Additional Reimbursement for Shipment of Household Effects, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

P.J. Rodriguez, “Stepping stones”: Empowering mental health patients through connections with significant others: A grant proposal, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Saslow, Bond Issue Is Approved for Sachem Schools, New York Times (2008) LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	HardwareX
Abbreviation	HardwareX
ISSN (print)	2468-0672
Scope