How to format your references using the Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Palmer R. Drugs: Lines of defence. Nature 2011;480:S9-10.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Drakesmith H, Prentice AM. Hepcidin and the iron-infection axis. Science 2012;338:768–72.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Aboelella NW, Reynolds AM, Tolman WB. Biophysics. Catching copper in the act. Science 2004;304:836–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Sinervo B, Méndez-de-la-Cruz F, Miles DB, Heulin B, Bastiaans E, Villagrán-Santa Cruz M, et al. Erosion of lizard diversity by climate change and altered thermal niches. Science 2010;328:894–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Smith CL. Basic Process Measurements. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

[1]

Varelas P, editor. Seizures in Critical Care: A Guide to Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Blömeke S, Suhl U, Kaiser G. Teacher Education Effectiveness: Quality and Equity of Future Primary Teachers’ Mathematics and Mathematics Pedagogical Content Knowledge. In: Blömeke S, Hsieh F-J, Kaiser G, Schmidt WH, editors. International Perspectives on Teacher Knowledge, Beliefs and Opportunities to Learn: TEDS-M Results, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014, p. 91–114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. ESA’s ExoMars Lander May Have Crash Landed On The Surface Of Mars. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/esas-exomars-lander-may-have-crash-landed-on-mars/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. General Services Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Orbinati AG. Spirituality and learning: An exploration into the understanding of spirituality in adult education. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Refreshing Series Provides Hope. New York Times 2010:B17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation
Abbreviation	Hand Surg. Rehabil.
ISSN (print)	2468-1229
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Rehabilitation Surgery