How to format your references using the Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Northcutt RG. Paleontology. Evolving large and complex brains. Science 2011;332:926–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Katz A, Davis ME. Molecular imprinting of bulk, microporous silica. Nature 2000;403:286–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Esteban J, Mayoral L, Ray D. Ethnicity and conflict: theory and facts. Science 2012;336:858–65.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Panáková D, Sprong H, Marois E, Thiele C, Eaton S. Lipoprotein particles are required for Hedgehog and Wingless signalling. Nature 2005;435:58–65.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Taber DF. Organic Synthesis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Caroleo FE, Pastore F, editors. The Labour Market Impact of the EU Enlargement: A New Regional Geography of Europe? Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Castro AJM, Rocha AP, Oliveira E. The System Design. In: Rocha AP, Oliveira E, editors. A New Approach for Disruption Management in Airline Operations Control, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014, p. 85–122.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Spikes In Seawater Acidity Linked To Coral Reef Growth. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/spikes-seawater-acidity-linked-coral-reef-growth/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Weaknesses in Procedures and Performance Management Hinder Junk Fax Enforcement. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Aldaco R. Latinas attainment of higher education: What factors contribute to their success? Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Yee V. Closing on Short Notice, Brooklyn Assisted-Living Home Angers Families. New York Times 2014:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation
Abbreviation	Hand Surg. Rehabil.
ISSN (print)	2468-1229
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Rehabilitation Surgery