How to format your references using the HAND citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for HAND. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kristan WB. Neuroscience. A push-me pull-you neural design. Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):339–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang Y-Y, Zhang T. Spontaneous emission noise in long-range surface plasmon polariton waveguide based optical gyroscope. Sci. Rep. 2014 Sep 19;4:6369.

A journal article with 3 authors

Davidson EM, Frothingham R, Cook-Deegan R. Science and security. Practical experiences in dual-use review. Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1432–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Janvier P, Desbiens S, Willett JA, Arsenault M. Lamprey-like gills in a gnathostome-related Devonian jawless vertebrate. Nature. 2006 Apr 27;440(7088):1183–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sedlacek HH, Sapienza AM, Eid V. Ways to Successful Strategies in Drug Research and Development. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2008.

An edited book

Cheng M, editor. Nano-Net: Third International ICST Conference, NanoNet 2008, Boston, MA, USA, September 14-16, 2008, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Karande S. Quality of Life in Children Diagnosed with Specific Learning Disability or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. In: Hollar D, editor. Handbook of Children with Special Health Care Needs. New York, NY: Springer; 2012. p. 73–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for HAND.

Blog post

Luntz S. Your Doctor’s Politics May Affect The Healthcare You Get [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/your-doctors-politics-may-affect-the-healthcare-you-get/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Transportation: NASA Has No Firm Need for Increasingly Costly Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Jul. Report No.: NSIAD-90-192.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Migues KP. A Qualitative Exploration of Retention of Experienced Teachers: Why Do They Stay? [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Simon L. In the Blink of an Eye, a Vision of Disaster. New York Times. 2007 Sep 4;F6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2,4].
This sentence cites four references [4,6–8].

About the journal

Full journal title	HAND
Abbreviation	Hand (N. Y.)
ISSN (print)	1558-9447
ISSN (online)	1558-9455
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery