How to format your references using the Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Coffman RL. Immunology. The origin of TH2 responses. Science. 2010 May;328(5982):1116–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Luksza M, Lässig M. A predictive fitness model for influenza. Nature. 2014 Mar;507(7490):57–61.

A journal article with 3 authors

Legramandi MA, Schepens B, Cavagna GA. Running humans attain optimal elastic bounce in their teens. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1310.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lakatos P, Karmos G, Mehta AD, Ulbert I, Schroeder CE. Entrainment of neuronal oscillations as a mechanism of attentional selection. Science. 2008 Apr;320(5872):110–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Boeker E, Van Grondelle R. Environmental Physics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Campion J, Rousseaux X, editors. Policing New Risks in Modern European History. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Hbid ML, Ezzinbi K. VARIATION OF CONSTANT FORMULA FOR DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS. In: Arino O, Hbid ML, Dads EA, editors. Delay Differential Equations and Applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006; pp 143–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation.

Blog post

Taub B. Prejudice Can Actually Change How You View Faces [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 May [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/social-stereotypes-warp-way-we-see-faces/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Blue Cross FEHBP Pharmacy Benefits. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schloesser K. Improving services for persons with developmental disabilities through the utilization of person-centered thinking: A grant-writing project. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt LF. New Meters Get a Mixed Review. New York Times. 2006 Nov;14LI11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation
Abbreviation	Gynecol. Obstet. Invest.
ISSN (print)	0378-7346
ISSN (online)	1423-002X
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Reproductive Medicine