How to format your references using the Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Seife C. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY: Language Affects Sound Perception. Science. 2000 Dec;290(5499):2051b–2b.

A journal article with 2 authors

Boehme C, McCamey DR. Physics. Nuclear-spin quantum memory poised to take the lead. Science. 2012 Jun;336(6086):1239–40.

A journal article with 3 authors

Spradling A, Drummond-Barbosa D, Kai T. Stem cells find their niche. Nature. 2001 Nov;414(6859):98–104.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lei Z, Liu X, Wu Y, Wang H, Jiang S, Wang S, et al. Enhanced strength and ductility in a high-entropy alloy via ordered oxygen complexes. Nature. 2018 Nov;563(7732):546–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fränzle S, Markert B, Wünschmann S. Introduction to Environmental Engineering. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2012.

An edited book

Cervesato I, Veith H, Voronkov A, editors. Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning: 15th International Conference, LPAR 2008, Doha, Qatar, November 22-27, 2008. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Er MJ, Duda P. On the Uniform Convergence of the Orthogonal Series-Type Kernel Regression Neural Networks in a Time-Varying Environment. In: Rutkowski L, Korytkowski M, Scherer R, Tadeusiewicz R, Zadeh LA, Zurada JM, editors. Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing: 11th International Conference, ICAISC 2012, Zakopane, Poland, April 29-May 3, 2012, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012; pp 39–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation.

Blog post

Hale T. What Would Happen If Earth Stopped Spinning? [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Jul [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/what-would-happen-if-earth-stopped-spinning/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. BIA and DOD Schools: Student Achievement and Other Characteristics Often Differ from Public Schools’. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

E C-C. The syntax of comparative correlatives in Mandarin Chinese. 2014

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dynarski S. For Poor, Getting to College Is Only Half the Battle. New York Times. 2015 Jun;A3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation
Abbreviation	Gynecol. Obstet. Invest.
ISSN (print)	0378-7346
ISSN (online)	1423-002X
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Reproductive Medicine