How to format your references using the Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Butler D. France finally picks Parisian site for new synchrotron. Nature. 2000 Sep;407(6801):119–20.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yan ZB, Liu J-M. Coexistence of high performance resistance and capacitance memory based on multilayered metal-oxide structures. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2482.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nguyen VQ, Co C, Li JJ. Cyclin-dependent kinases prevent DNA re-replication through multiple mechanisms. Nature. 2001 Jun;411(6841):1068–73.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hoorn C, Wesselingh FP, ter Steege H, Bermudez MA, Mora A, Sevink J, et al. Amazonia through time: Andean uplift, climate change, landscape evolution, and biodiversity. Science. 2010 Nov;330(6006):927–31.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Larrieu N, Varet A. Rapid Prototyping of Software for Avionics Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Schwarz A, Janicka J, editors. Combustion Noise. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Poggi A, Lembo D, Calvanese D, De Giacomo G, Lenzerini M, Rosati R. Linking Data to Ontologies. In: Spaccapietra S, editor. Journal on Data Semantics X. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008; pp 133–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation.

Blog post

Fang J. Ancient Long-Necked Marine Reptile Discovered in Alaska [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Aug [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ancient-long-necked-marine-reptile-discovered-alaska/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Data Processing: SBA Needs To Strengthen Management of Its Computer Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vincent PS. The State of Chaos. 2012

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Castle S. As Clock Ticks on Exit From E.U., Britain Seems Adrift. New York Times. 2017 Jul;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation
Abbreviation	Gynecol. Obstet. Invest.
ISSN (print)	0378-7346
ISSN (online)	1423-002X
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Reproductive Medicine