How to format your references using the Gut citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Gut. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marte B. Tumour heterogeneity. Nature. 2013;501:327.

A journal article with 2 authors

Boles MA, Talapin DV. Chemistry. Connecting the dots. Science. 2014;344:1340–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Duplessy JC, Roche DM, Kageyama M. The deep ocean during the last interglacial period. Science. 2007;316:89–91.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mori T, Koyama Y, Maeda N, et al. Ultrastructural localization of adiponectin protein in vasculature of normal and atherosclerotic mice. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4895.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Borchard-Tuch C, Groß M. Was Biotronik alles kann. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2005.

An edited book

Adan OCG, Samson RA, editors. Fundamentals of mold growth in indoor environments and strategies for healthy living. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Verma M. The Role of Epigenomics in the Study of Cancer Biomarkers and in the Development of Diagnostic Tools. In: Scatena R, ed. Advances in Cancer Biomarkers: From biochemistry to clinic for a critical revision. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands 2015:59–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Gut.

Blog post

Hamilton K. The 25 Greatest Scientific Hoaxes In History. IFLScience. 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/watch-video-25-greatest-scientific-hoaxes-history/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Survey of NASA’s Lessons Learned Process. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bishop-Randol E. Outcomes of the Program of Assertive Community Treatment in Orange County, California. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. To the Barricades Over a Police Barricade. New York Times. 2003;145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Gut
Abbreviation	Gut
ISSN (print)	0017-5749
ISSN (online)	1468-3288
Scope	Gastroenterology