How to format your references using the Groundwater citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Groundwater. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lawrence, P. A. 2008. Retiring retirement. Nature 453, no. 7195: 588–90.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bialek, W., and D. Botstein. 2004. Introductory science and mathematics education for 21st-Century biologists. Science (New York, N.Y.) 303, no. 5659: 788–90.

A journal article with 3 authors

Santiago, J., C. Henzler, and M. Hothorn. 2013. Molecular mechanism for plant steroid receptor activation by somatic embryogenesis co-receptor kinases. Science (New York, N.Y.) 341, no. 6148: 889–92.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Sleiman, P., D. Wang, J. Glessner, D. Hadley, R. E. Gur, N. Cohen, Q. Li, H. Hakonarson, and Janssen-CHOP Neuropsychiatric Genomics Working Group. 2013. GWAS meta analysis identifies TSNARE1 as a novel Schizophrenia / Bipolar susceptibility locus. Scientific reports 3, October: 3075.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eden, A. H. 2011. Codecharts. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Dieks, D., W. J. Gonzalez, S. Hartmann, T. Uebel, and M. Weber, eds. 2011. Explanation, Prediction, and Confirmation. Vol. 2. The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Welch, A. 2005. From Peregrinatio Academica to Global Academic: The Internationalisation of the Profession. In The Professoriate: Profile of a Profession, edited by A. Welch, 71–96. Higher Education Dynamics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Groundwater.

Blog post

Andrew, D. 2016. How A Lack Of Sleep Affects Your Brain – And Personality. IFLScience. IFLScience, October 19, 2016, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-a-lack-of-sleep-affects-your-brain-and-personality/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1980. Farmers Home Administration’s Computer-Based Unified Management Information System. 112851.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ferreira, T. J. 2010. Fragmented: Moving Away from Control. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, J. 2017. MetroCard Replacement Will Be Safe, Officials Say. New York Times, October 27, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lawrence 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Lawrence 2008; Bialek and Botstein 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bialek and Botstein 2004)
Three or more authors: (Sleiman et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Groundwater
ISSN (print)	0017-467X
ISSN (online)	1745-6584
Scope