How to format your references using the Groundwater citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Groundwater. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moazed, D. 2009. Molecular biology. Rejoice--RNAi for yeast. Science (New York, N.Y.) 326, no. 5952: 533–34.

A journal article with 2 authors

Witt, C. C., and R. T. Brumfield. 2004. Comment on “Molecular phylogenies link rates of evolution and speciation” (I). Science (New York, N.Y.) 303, no. 5655: 173; author reply 173.

A journal article with 3 authors

Costello, C., S. D. Gaines, and J. Lynham. 2008. Can catch shares prevent fisheries collapse? Science (New York, N.Y.) 321, no. 5896: 1678–81.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Cooper, A., C. Lalueza-Fox, S. Anderson, A. Rambaut, J. Austin, and R. Ward. 2001. Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of two extinct moas clarify ratite evolution. Nature 409, no. 6821: 704–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Serval, J.-F., and J.-P. Tranié. 2014. The Monetary System. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Al-Haj Baddar, S. W. 2011. Designing Sorting Networks: A New Paradigm. Edited by Kenneth E. Batcher. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Leal Filho, W., and M. Kovaleva. 2015. Methods of Food Waste Reduction. In Food Waste and Sustainable Food Waste Management in the Baltic Sea Region, edited by M. Kovaleva, 51–80. Environmental Science and Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Groundwater.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2014. Single Atom Detected With High-Powered MRI. IFLScience. IFLScience, October 23, 2014, https://www.iflscience.com/technology/single-atom-detected-high-powered-mri/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2007. Transportation Security: TSA Has Made Progress in Implementing the Transportation Worker Identification Credential Program, but Challenges Remain. GAO-07-681T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tian, C. Y. 2010. Studies of equilibrium conditions in housing markets. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman, J. 2017. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times, July 21, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Moazed 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Moazed 2009; Witt and Brumfield 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Witt and Brumfield 2004)
Three or more authors: (Cooper et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Groundwater
ISSN (print)	0017-467X
ISSN (online)	1745-6584
Scope