How to format your references using the Granular Matter citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Granular Matter. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clayton, D.D.: We have touched the dust from dying stars. Nature. 404, 329 (2000)

A journal article with 2 authors

Schwefel, H.G.L., Türeci, H.E.: Optics. A chaotic approach clears up imaging. Science. 348, 189–190 (2015)

A journal article with 3 authors

Schwartz, A.B., Moran, D.W., Reina, G.A.: Differential representation of perception and action in the frontal cortex. Science. 303, 380–383 (2004)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Himmel, M.E., Ding, S.-Y., Johnson, D.K., Adney, W.S., Nimlos, M.R., Brady, J.W., Foust, T.D.: Biomass recalcitrance: engineering plants and enzymes for biofuels production. Science. 315, 804–807 (2007)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rigo, M.: Formal Languages, Automata and Numeration Systems 1. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2014)

An edited book

Bertau, M., Offermanns, H., Plass, L., Schmidt, F., Wernicke, H.-J. eds: Methanol: The Basic Chemical and Energy Feedstock of the Future: Asinger’s Vision Today. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2014)

A chapter in an edited book

Khanna, A.K., Farag, E.: Anesthesia for Spine Osteotomy Surgery. In: Wang, Y., Boachie-Adjei, O., and Lenke, L. (eds.) Spinal Osteotomy. pp. 37–56. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2015)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Granular Matter.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: Great Barrier Reef Bleaching Would Be Almost Impossible Without Climate Change, https://www.iflscience.com/environment/great-barrier-reef-bleaching-would-be-almost-impossible-without-climate-change/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: GPS: Actions Needed to Address Ground System Development Problems and User Equipment Production Readiness. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2015)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bernstein, J.P.: Helical Symmetry, (2010)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G.: Foot in the Door, (2010)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Granular Matter
Abbreviation	Granul. Matter
ISSN (print)	1434-5021
ISSN (online)	1434-7636
Scope	Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science General Physics and Astronomy