How to format your references using the Granular Matter citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Granular Matter. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gasser, S.M.: Visualizing chromatin dynamics in interphase nuclei. Science. 296, 1412–1416 (2002)

A journal article with 2 authors

Hollowed, A.B., Sundby, S.: Ecology. Change is coming to the northern oceans. Science. 344, 1084–1085 (2014)

A journal article with 3 authors

Muir, G., Fleming, C.C., Schlötterer, C.: Species status of hybridizing oaks. Nature. 405, 1016 (2000)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chakraborty, T., Srinivasan, S., Ganguly, N., Bhowmick, S., Mukherjee, A.: Constant communities in complex networks. Sci. Rep. 3, 1825 (2013)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Di Stefano, M.: Distributed Data Management for Grid Computing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2005)

An edited book

Richards, J.A.: Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis: An Introduction. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2006)

A chapter in an edited book

Grannell, C., Sumner, V., Synodinos, D.: Using Links and Creating Navigation. In: Sumner, V. and Synodinos, D. (eds.) The Essential Guide to HTML5 and CSS3 Web Design. pp. 145–226. Apress, Berkeley, CA (2012)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Granular Matter.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: What Would Your Christmas Dinner Look Like Without Bees?, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/no-bees-no-christmas-dinner/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: DOD Automated Systems Security Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1979)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nolan, C.: Safety Mindfulness: The Incorporation of Low-Dose Mindfulness as a Leading Edge Safety Intervention, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S.K.: World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Apartment Toll At 58, (2004)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Granular Matter
Abbreviation	Granul. Matter
ISSN (print)	1434-5021
ISSN (online)	1434-7636
Scope	Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science General Physics and Astronomy