How to format your references using the Granular Matter citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Granular Matter. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rhodes, G.: The career I dreamed of? Science. 345, 1414 (2014)

A journal article with 2 authors

Gehrels, N., Mészáros, P.: Gamma-ray bursts. Science. 337, 932–936 (2012)

A journal article with 3 authors

Jan, C.H., Williams, C.C., Weissman, J.S.: LOCAL TRANSLATION. Response to Comment on “Principles of ER cotranslational translocation revealed by proximity-specific ribosome profiling.” Science. 348, 1217 (2015)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Baugh, J., Kleinhammes, A., Han, D., Wang, Q., Wu, Y.: Confinement effect on dipole-dipole interactions in nanofluids. Science. 294, 1505–1507 (2001)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Arduin, P.-E., Grundstein, M., Rosenthal-Sabroux, C.: Information and Knowledge System. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2015)

An edited book

Domingos Padula, A., Silveira dos Santos, M., Benedetti Santos, O.I., Borenstein, D. eds: Liquid Biofuels: Emergence, Development and Prospects. Springer, London (2014)

A chapter in an edited book

Kolaczyk, E.D., Csárdi, G.: Descriptive Analysis of Network Graph Characteristics. In: Csárdi, G. (ed.) Statistical Analysis of Network Data with R. pp. 43–67. Springer, New York, NY (2014)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Granular Matter.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: What Is A Neutron Star?, https://www.iflscience.com/space/what-neutron-star/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Payments by DOD for Contractors’ Independent Research and Development and Bid and Proposal Costs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1973)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Haws, S.W.: A multilevel study of schools’ influences on adolescent substance use, (2012)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K.: Freshness City Dwellers Hunger For, (2008)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Granular Matter
Abbreviation	Granul. Matter
ISSN (print)	1434-5021
ISSN (online)	1434-7636
Scope	Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science General Physics and Astronomy