How to format your references using the Granular Computing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Granular Computing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gunawardena J (2010) Systems biology. Biological systems theory. Science 328:581–582

A journal article with 2 authors

Mathews JA, Tan H (2014) Economics: Manufacture renewables to build energy security. Nature 513:166–168

A journal article with 3 authors

Hautier Y, Niklaus PA, Hector A (2009) Competition for light causes plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication. Science 324:636–638

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Mak SY, Li Z, Frere A, et al (2014) Musical interfaces: visualization and reconstruction of music with a microfluidic two-phase flow. Sci Rep 4:6675

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Scheer J (2010) Failed Bridges. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Ecker W, Müller W, Dömer R (eds) (2009) Hardware-dependent Software: Principles and Practice. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Murday VA (2016) Screening for Genetic Susceptibility to Paediatric Tumours. In: Carachi R, Grosfeld JL (eds) The Surgery of Childhood Tumors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 35–50

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Granular Computing.

Blog post

Andrews R (2015) First In-Womb Stem Cell Clinical Trial Announced. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/first-womb-stem-cell-clinical-trial-announced/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) NASA: Large Programs May Consume Increasing Share of Limited Future Budgets. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Piper MH (2017) A Study of the Effectiveness of Alternative Schools through an Examination of Graduation Rates, School Climate, Student Motivation, and Academic Rigor. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2002) Space With a Day-Glo Past Reincarnated as Apartments. New York Times 147

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gunawardena 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Gunawardena 2010; Mathews and Tan 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mathews and Tan 2014)
Three or more authors: (Mak et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Granular Computing
Abbreviation	Granul. Comput.
ISSN (print)	2364-4966
ISSN (online)	2364-4974
Scope