How to format your references using the GPS Solutions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for GPS Solutions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Silk JB (2006) Behavior. Who are more helpful, humans or chimpanzees? Science 311:1248–1249

A journal article with 2 authors

Mitchell-Olds T, Schmitt J (2006) Genetic mechanisms and evolutionary significance of natural variation in Arabidopsis. Nature 441:947–952

A journal article with 3 authors

Suzuki N, Nishiura M, Wakatsuki Y (2002) Isolation and structural characterization of 1-zirconacyclopent-3-yne, five-membered cyclic alkynes. Science 295:660–663

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Vöhringer-Martinez E, Hansmann B, Hernandez-Soto H, et al (2007) Water catalysis of a radical-molecule gas-phase reaction. Science 315:497–501

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rossner W, Graubner C-A (2012) Spannbetonbauwerke. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Casanova F, Perlo J, Blümich B (eds) (2011) Single-Sided NMR. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Gruber H, Holzer M (2008) Finite Automata, Digraph Connectivity, and Regular Expression Size. In: Aceto L, Damgård I, Goldberg LA, et al. (eds) Automata, Languages and Programming: 35th International Colloquium, ICALP 2008, Reykjavik, Iceland, July 7-11, 2008, Proceedings, Part II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 39–50

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for GPS Solutions.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) ASU Origins Project Features The Great Debate of Parallel Realities. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1995) Direct Student Loans. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huffer DJ (2013) A spatial analysis and zooarchaeological interpretation of archaeological bison remains in the Southwest and the wildlife management implications for the House Rock Valley bison herd in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Erlanger S, Kanter J (2017) Austria’s Rightward Lurch Reflects Europe’s New Anti-Immigration Leanings. New York Times A5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Silk 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Silk 2006; Mitchell-Olds and Schmitt 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mitchell-Olds and Schmitt 2006)
Three or more authors: (Vöhringer-Martinez et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	GPS Solutions
Abbreviation	GPS Solut.
ISSN (print)	1080-5370
ISSN (online)	1521-1886
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences

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