How to format your references using the GPS Solutions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for GPS Solutions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Alexandrov LB (2015) Understanding the origins of human cancer. Science 350:1175

A journal article with 2 authors

Taberlet P, Cheddadi R (2002) Ecology. Quaternary refugia and persistence of biodiversity. Science 297:2009–2010

A journal article with 3 authors

Kayser MS, Yue Z, Sehgal A (2014) A critical period of sleep for development of courtship circuitry and behavior in Drosophila. Science 344:269–274

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhou H, Wang H, Niu H, Lin T (2013) Superphobicity/philicity Janus fabrics with switchable, spontaneous, directional transport ability to water and oil fluids. Sci Rep 3:2964

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bernström S (2014) Valuation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Ausiello G, Karhumäki J, Mauri G, Ong L (eds) (2008) Fifth Ifip International Conference On Theoretical Computer Science – Tcs 2008. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Sousa LC, Castro CF, António CC (2012) Blood Flow Simulation and Applications. In: Natal Jorge RM, Tavares JMRS, Pinotti Barbosa M, Slade AP (eds) Technologies for Medical Sciences. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 67–86

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for GPS Solutions.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) The Anthropocene Has Been Shaped By The Media And Our Digital Lives. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/anthropocene-has-been-shaped-media-and-our-digital-lives/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Managed Care Initiatives. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Burns D (2017) Measuring the Outcome of At-Risk Students on Biology Standardized Tests When Using Different Instructional Strategies. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Novick SM (2016) Cocktails to Take Off the Chill. New York Times LI10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Alexandrov 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Taberlet and Cheddadi 2002; Alexandrov 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Taberlet and Cheddadi 2002)
Three or more authors: (Zhou et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	GPS Solutions
Abbreviation	GPS Solut.
ISSN (print)	1080-5370
ISSN (online)	1521-1886
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences