How to format your references using the GPS Solutions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for GPS Solutions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Burrows AS (2014) Highlights in the study of exoplanet atmospheres. Nature 513:345–352

A journal article with 2 authors

Fried SD, Boxer SG (2015) BIOPHYSICS. Response to Comments on “Extreme electric fields power catalysis in the active site of ketosteroid isomerase.” Science 349:936

A journal article with 3 authors

Houstis N, Rosen ED, Lander ES (2006) Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance. Nature 440:944–948

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Sugden A, Ash C, Hanson B, Zahn L (2009) Happy birthday, Mr. Darwin. Introduction. Science 323:727

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Davis M, McKimm J, Forrest K (2013) How to Assess Doctors and Health Professionals. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Thüsing G, Forst G (eds) (2016) Whistleblowing - A Comparative Study, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Parrochia D, Neuville P (2013) Algebra of Trees. In: Neuville P (ed) Towards a General Theory of Classifications. Springer, Basel, pp 93–124

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for GPS Solutions.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2017) Unfolding The Secrets Of Ladybird Wings. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/unfolding-the-secrets-of-ladybird-wings/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Slot-Controlled Airports: FAA’s Rules Could Be Improved to Enhance Competition and Use of Available Capacity. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith KL (2012) Initial construct validation of the color figure mazes test. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly R (1993) Desire Under the Waves. New York Times 714

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Burrows 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Burrows 2014; Fried and Boxer 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fried and Boxer 2015)
Three or more authors: (Sugden et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	GPS Solutions
Abbreviation	GPS Solut.
ISSN (print)	1080-5370
ISSN (online)	1521-1886
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences